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Ayah
Word by Word
وَءَاتَيۡنَا
And We gave
مُوسَى
Musa
ٱلۡكِتَٰبَ
the Book
وَجَعَلۡنَٰهُ
and made it
هُدٗى
a guidance
لِّبَنِيٓ
for the Children
إِسۡرَٰٓءِيلَ
(of) Israel
أَلَّا
That not
تَتَّخِذُواْ
you take
مِن
other than Me
دُونِي
other than Me
وَكِيلٗا
(as) a Disposer of affairs
وَءَاتَيۡنَا
And We gave
مُوسَى
Musa
ٱلۡكِتَٰبَ
the Book
وَجَعَلۡنَٰهُ
and made it
هُدٗى
a guidance
لِّبَنِيٓ
for the Children
إِسۡرَٰٓءِيلَ
(of) Israel
أَلَّا
That not
تَتَّخِذُواْ
you take
مِن
other than Me
دُونِي
other than Me
وَكِيلٗا
(as) a Disposer of affairs
Translation
We gave Moses the Book, and made it a Guide to the Children of Israel, (commanding): "Take not other than Me as Disposer of (your) affairs."
Tafsir
God, exalted be He, says: And We gave Moses the Scripture, the Torah, and made it a guidance for the Israelites [saying] that they should not choose beside Me any guardian, to whom they delegate their affairs (a variant reading [for yattakhidhoo, 'they should [not] choose'] is tattakhidhoo, 'you should [not] choose', thus turning away [from the third person address], in which case [the particle] an, 'that', is extra and the 'saying' is implicit).
"Musa and how He was given the Tawrah
When Allah mentions how He took His servant Muhammad, on the Journey by Night, He follows it by mentioning Musa, His servant and Messenger who also spoke with Him. Allah often mentions Muhammad and Musa together, may the peace and blessings of Allah be upon them both, and he mentions the Tawrah and the Qur'an together. So after mentioning the Isra',
He says:
وَاتَيۡنَا مُوسَى الۡكِتَابَ
And We gave Musa the Scripture,
meaning the Tawrah.
وَجَعَلۡنَاهُ
and made it,
meaning the Scripture,
هُدًى
a guidance,
meaning a guide,
لِّبَنِي إِسۡرَايِيلَ أَلاَّ تَتَّخِذُواۡ
for the Children of Israel (saying):""Take none...""
means, lest they should take,
مِن دُونِي وَكِيلً
""... other than Me as (your) Wakil.""
means, `you have no protector, supporter or god besides Me,' because Allah revealed to every Prophet that he should worship Him alone with no partner or associate.
Then Allah says
ذُرِّيَّةَ مَنۡ حَمَلۡنَا مَعَ نُوحٍ
O offspring of those whom We carried (in the ship) with Nuh,
by addressing the descendants of those who were carried in the ship with Nuh there is a reminder of the blessings, as if Allah is saying:`O descendants of those whom We saved and carried in the ship with Nuh, follow in the footsteps of your father,
إِنَّهُ كَانَ عَبۡدًا شَكُورًا
Verily, he was a grateful servant.
`Remember the blessing I have granted you by sending Muhammad.'
Imam Ahmad reported that Anas bin Malik said:
""The Messenger of Allah said:
إِنَّ اللهَ لَيَرۡضَى عَنِ الۡعَبۡدِ أَنۡ يَأۡكُلَ الاَۡكۡلَةَ أَوۡ يَشۡرَبَ الشَّرۡبَةَ فَيَحۡمَدَ اللهَ عَلَيۡهَا
Allah will be pleased with His servant if, when he eats something or drinks something, he praises Allah for it.""
This was also recorded by Muslim, At-Tirmidhi and An-Nasa'i.
Malik said about Zayd bin Aslam:
""He used to praise Allah in all circumstances.""
In this context, Al-Bukhari mentioned the Hadith of Abu Zar`ah narrating from Abu Hurayrah, who said that the Prophet said:
أَنَا سَيِّدُ وَلَدِ ادَمَ يَوۡمَ الۡقِيَامَة
I will be the leader of the sons of Adam on the Day of Resurrection...
He quoted the Hadith at length, and in the Hadith, the Prophet said:
فَيَأۡتُونَ نُوحًا فَيَقُولُونَ يَا نُوحُ إِنَّكَ أَنۡتَ أَوَّلُ الرُّسُلِ إِلَى أَهۡلِ الاَۡرۡضِ وَقَدۡ سَمَّاكَ اللهُ عَبۡدًا شَكُورًا فَاشۡفَعۡ لَنَا إِلَى رَبِّك
They will come to Nuh and will say, `O Nuh, you were the first of the Messengers sent to the people of earth, and Allah called you grateful servant, so intercede for us with your Lord.'
And he quoted the Hadith in full
It was mentioned in the Tawrah that the Jews would spread Mischief twice
Allah tells;
وَقَضَيۡنَا إِلَى بَنِي إِسۡرَايِيلَ فِي الۡكِتَابِ لَتُفۡسِدُنَّ فِي الَارۡضِ مَرَّتَيۡنِ وَلَتَعۡلُنَّ عُلُوًّا كَبِيرًا
And We decreed for the Children of Israel in the Scripture:""Indeed you would do mischief in the land twice and you will become tyrants and extremely arrogant!""
Allah tells us that He made a declaration to the Children of Israel in the Scripture, meaning that He had already told them in the Book which He revealed to them, that they would cause mischief on the earth twice, and would become tyrants and extremely arrogant, meaning they would become shameless oppressors of people, Allah says:
وَقَضَيۡنَأ إِلَيۡهِ ذَلِكَ الاٌّمۡرَ أَنَّ دَابِرَ هَـوُلاۡءِ مَقۡطُوعٌ مُّصۡبِحِينَ
And We made known this decree to him, that the root of those (sinners) was to be cut off in the early morning. (15:66),
meaning, We already told him about that and informed him of it.
The First Episode of Mischief caused by the Jews, and their Punishment for it
Allah tells
فَإِذَا جَاء وَعۡدُ أُولاهُمَا
So, when the promise came for the first of the two,
meaning the first of the two episodes of mischief.
بَعَثۡنَا عَلَيۡكُمۡ عِبَادًا لَّنَا أُوۡلِي بَأۡسٍ شَدِيدٍ
We sent against you servants of Ours given to terrible warfare.
means, `We unleashed soldiers against you from among Our creatures who were given to terrible warfare,' i.e., they had great strength and weapons and power.
فَجَاسُواۡ خِلَلَ الدِّيَارِ
They entered the very innermost parts of your homes.
meaning they took possession of your land and invaded the very innermost parts of your homes, going between and through your houses, coming and going freely with no fear of anyone.
وَكَانَ وَعۡدًا مَّفۡعُولاً
And it was a promise (completely) fulfilled.
The earlier and later commentators differed over the identity of these invaders.
Many Israiliyyat (reports from Jewish sources) were narrated about this, but I did not want to make this book too long by mentioning them, because some of them are fabricated, concocted by their heretics, and others may be true, but we have no need of them, praise be to Allah.
What Allah has told us in His Book (the Qur'an) is sufficient and we have no need of what is in the other books that came before. Neither Allah nor His Messenger required us to refer to them.
Allah told His Messenger that when (the Jews) committed transgression and aggression, Allah gave their enemies power over them to destroy their country and enter the innermost parts of their homes. Their humiliation and subjugation was a befitting punishment, and your Lord is never unfair or unjust to His servants. They had rebelled and killed many of the Prophets and scholars.
Ibn Jarir recorded that Yahya bin Sa`id said:""I heard Sa`id bin Al-Musayyib saying:
`Nebuchadnezzar conquered Ash-Sham (Greater Syria, including Palestine), destroying Jerusalem and killing them, then he came to Damascus and found blood boiling in a censer.
He asked them:What is this blood?
They said:We found our forefathers doing this.
Because of that blood, he killed seventy thousand of the believers and others, then the blood stopped boiling.
This report is Sahih from Sa`id bin Al-Musayyib, and this event is well-known, as he (Nebuchadnezzar) killed their nobles and scholars, and did not leave alive anyone who knew the Tawrah by heart. He took many prisoners from the sons of the Prophets and others, and did many other things that would take too long to mention here. If we had found anything that was correct or close enough, we could have written it and reported it here. And Allah knows best.
ثُمَّ رَدَدۡنَا لَكُمُ الۡكَرَّةَ عَلَيۡهِمۡ وَأَمۡدَدۡنَاكُم بِأَمۡوَالٍ وَبَنِينَ وَجَعَلۡنَاكُمۡ أَكۡثَرَ نَفِيرًا
Then We gave you a return of victory over them. And We helped you with wealth and children and made you more numerous in manpower.
Then Allah says
إِنۡ أَحۡسَنتُمۡ أَحۡسَنتُمۡ لاَِنفُسِكُمۡ وَإِنۡ أَسَأۡتُمۡ فَلَهَا
(And We said):""If you do good, you do good for your own selves, and if you do evil (you do it) against yourselves.""
As Allah says elsewhere:
مَّنۡ عَمِلَ صَـلِحاً فَلِنَفۡسِهِ وَمَنۡ أَسَأءَ فَعَلَيۡهَا
Whosoever does a righteous good deed, it is for (the benefit of) himself; and whosoever does evil, it is against himself. (45:15)
The Second Episode of Mischief
Then Allah says:
فَإِذَا جَاء وَعۡدُ الاخِرَةِ
Then, when the second promise came to pass,
meaning, the second episode of mischief, when your enemies came again,
لِيَسُووُواۡ وُجُوهَكُمۡ
(We permitted your enemies) to disgrace your faces,
meaning, to humiliate you and subdue you,
وَلِيَدۡخُلُواۡ الۡمَسۡجِدَ
and to enter the Masjid,
meaning, Bayt Al-Maqdis (Jerusalem).
كَمَا دَخَلُوهُ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ
as they had entered it before,
when they entered the very innermost parts of your homes.
وَلِيُتَبِّرُواۡ
and to destroy,
wrecking and inflicting ruin upon it.
مَا عَلَوۡاۡ
all that fell in their hands.
everything they could get their hands on.
تَتۡبِيرًا
عَسَى رَبُّكُمۡ أَن يَرۡحَمَكُمۡ
with utter destruction. It may be that your Lord may show mercy unto you,
meaning that He may rid you of them.
وَإِنۡ عُدتُّمۡ عُدۡنَا
but if you return (to sins), We shall return (to Our punishment).
meaning, if you return to causing mischief,
عُدۡنَا
(We shall return) means,
We `will once again punish you in this world, along with the punishment and torment We save for you in the Hereafter.'
وَجَعَلۡنَا جَهَنَّمَ لِلۡكَافِرِينَ حَصِيرًا
And We have made Hell a prison (Hasir) for the disbelievers.
meaning, a place of permanent detention, a prison which cannot be avoided or escaped.
Ibn Abbas said,
""Hasir here means a jail.""
Mujahid said,
""They will be detained in it.""
Others said like- wise.
Al-Hasan said,
""Hasir means a bed of Fire.""
Qatadah said:
""The Children of Israel returned to aggression, so Allah sent this group against them, Muhammad and his companions, who made them pay the Jizyah, with willing submission, and feeling themselves subdued."
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