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Ayah
Word by Word
وَلَا
And (do) not
تَتَّخِذُوٓاْ
take
أَيۡمَٰنَكُمۡ
your oaths
دَخَلَۢا
(as) a deception
بَيۡنَكُمۡ
between you
فَتَزِلَّ
lest should slip
قَدَمُۢ
a foot
بَعۡدَ
after
ثُبُوتِهَا
it is firmly planted
وَتَذُوقُواْ
and you would taste
ٱلسُّوٓءَ
the evil
بِمَا
for what
صَدَدتُّمۡ
you hindered
عَن
from
سَبِيلِ
(the) way
ٱللَّهِ
(of) Allah
وَلَكُمۡ
and for you
عَذَابٌ
(is) a punishment
عَظِيمٞ
great
وَلَا
And (do) not
تَتَّخِذُوٓاْ
take
أَيۡمَٰنَكُمۡ
your oaths
دَخَلَۢا
(as) a deception
بَيۡنَكُمۡ
between you
فَتَزِلَّ
lest should slip
قَدَمُۢ
a foot
بَعۡدَ
after
ثُبُوتِهَا
it is firmly planted
وَتَذُوقُواْ
and you would taste
ٱلسُّوٓءَ
the evil
بِمَا
for what
صَدَدتُّمۡ
you hindered
عَن
from
سَبِيلِ
(the) way
ٱللَّهِ
(of) Allah
وَلَكُمۡ
and for you
عَذَابٌ
(is) a punishment
عَظِيمٞ
great
Translation
And take not your oaths, to practise deception between yourselves, with the result that someone's foot may slip after it was firmly planted, and ye may have to taste the evil (consequences) of having hindered (men) from the Path of Allah, and a Mighty Wrath descend on you.
Tafsir
And do not make your oaths a [means of] deceit between you - He repeats this [here] for emphasis - lest a foot should slip, that is, [lest] your feet [should slip] off the path of Islam, after being steady, having been set upon it, and [lest] you should taste evil, that is, chastisement, forasmuch as you barred [people] from the way of God, in other words, for your refraining to fulfil covenants or barring others from [doing] this, since your custom [once established] will be followed [by others], and there be a tremendous chastisement for you, in the Hereafter.
If Allah had willed, He would have made all of Humanity one Nation
Allah says:
وَلَوۡ شَاء اللّهُ لَجَعَلَكُمۡ
And had Allah willed, He would have made you,
meaning - O mankind,
أُمَّةً وَاحِدَةً
(all) one nation,
This is like the Ayah:
وَلَوۡ شَأءَ رَبُّكَ لامَنَ مَن فِى الاٌّرۡضِ كُلُّهُمۡ جَمِيعًا
And had your Lord willed, all of those on earth would have believed together. (10:99),
meaning, He could have created harmony among them, and there would not be any differences, conflicts or hatred between them.
وَلَوۡ شَأءَ رَبُّكَ لَجَعَلَ النَّاسَ أُمَّةً وَاحِدَةً وَلَا يَزَالُونَ مُخۡتَلِفِينَ
إِلاَّ مَن رَّحِمَ رَبُّكَ وَلِذلِكَ خَلَقَهُمۡ
And if your Lord had so willed, He would surely, have made mankind one Ummah (nation or community), but they will not cease to disagree. Except him on whom your Lord has bestowed His mercy, and for that did He create them. (11:118-119)
Similarly, Allah says here:
وَلكِن يُضِلُّ مَن يَشَاء وَيَهۡدِي مَن يَشَاء
but He allows whom He wills to stray and He guides whom He wills.
وَلَتُسۡأَلُنَّ عَمَّا كُنتُمۡ تَعۡمَلُونَ
But you shall certainly be called to account for what you used to do.
i.e. on the Day of Resurrection, He will ask them all about their deeds, and will reward or punish them even equal to a scalish thread in the long slit of a date stone or the size of a speck on the back of a date stone, or even a thin membrane of the date stone.
The Prohibition on taking an Oath for Purposes of Treachery
Allah says
وَلَا تَتَّخِذُواۡ أَيۡمَانَكُمۡ دَخَلً بَيۡنَكُمۡ فَتَزِلَّ قَدَمٌ بَعۡدَ ثُبُوتِهَا
And do not make your oaths a means of deception among yourselves, resulting in the slip of a foot after it was firmly planted,
Allah warns His servant against taking oaths as means of deception, i.e., using them for treacherous purposes, lest a foot should slip after being firmly planted.
This is an analogy describing one who was on the right path but then deviated and slipped from the path of guidance because of an unfulfilled oath that involved hindering people from the path of Allah. This is because if a disbeliever were to find that after having agreed to a covenant, then the believer betrayed him, then the believer will have hindered him from entering Islam.
Thus Allah says:
وَتَذُوقُواۡ الۡسُّوءَ بِمَا صَدَدتُّمۡ عَن سَبِيلِ اللّهِ وَلَكُمۡ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌ
and you taste the evil of having hindered from the path of Allah, and you will suffer a terrible punishment.
Do not break Oaths for the sake of Worldly Gain
Then Allah says
وَلَا تَشۡتَرُواۡ بِعَهۡدِ اللّهِ ثَمَنًا قَلِيلً
And do not use an oath by Allah for the purchase of little value.
meaning, do not neglect an oath sworn in the Name of Allah for the sake of this world and its attractions, for they are few, and even if the son of Adam were to gain this world and all that is in it, that which is with Allah is better for him,
إِنَّمَا عِندَ اللّهِ هُوَ خَيۡرٌ لَّكُمۡ
what is with Allah is better for you if you only knew.
i.e., the reward of Allah is better for the one who puts his hope in Him, believes in Him, seeks Him and fulfills his oaths in the hope of that which Allah has promised.
This is why Allah says:
إِن كُنتُمۡ تَعۡلَمُونَ
مَا عِندَكُمۡ يَنفَدُ
if you only knew. Whatever you have will be exhausted,
meaning, it will come to an end and will vanish, because it is only there for a certain, limited time.
وَمَا عِندَ اللّهِ بَاقٍ
and what is with Allah will remain.
meaning, His reward for you in Paradise will remain, without interruption or end, because it is eternal and will never change nor disappear.
وَلَنَجۡزِيَنَّ الَّذِينَ صَبَرُواۡ أَجۡرَهُم بِأَحۡسَنِ مَا كَانُواۡ يَعۡمَلُونَ
And to those who are patient, We will certainly grant them their rewards in proportion to the best of what they used to do.
Here the Lord swears, with the Lam of affirmation, that He will reward the patient for the best of their deeds, i.e., He will forgive them for their bad deeds.
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