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Ayah
Word by Word
وَٱللَّهُ
And Allah
خَلَقَكُمۡ
created you
ثُمَّ
then
يَتَوَفَّىٰكُمۡۚ
will cause you to die
وَمِنكُم
And among you
مَّن
(is one) who
يُرَدُّ
is sent back
إِلَىٰٓ
to
أَرۡذَلِ
the worst
ٱلۡعُمُرِ
(of) the age
لِكَيۡ
so that
لَا
not
يَعۡلَمَ
he will know
بَعۡدَ
after
عِلۡمٖ
knowledge
شَيۡـًٔاۚ
a thing
إِنَّ
Indeed
ٱللَّهَ
Allah
عَلِيمٞ
(is) All-Knowing
قَدِيرٞ
All-Powerful
وَٱللَّهُ
And Allah
خَلَقَكُمۡ
created you
ثُمَّ
then
يَتَوَفَّىٰكُمۡۚ
will cause you to die
وَمِنكُم
And among you
مَّن
(is one) who
يُرَدُّ
is sent back
إِلَىٰٓ
to
أَرۡذَلِ
the worst
ٱلۡعُمُرِ
(of) the age
لِكَيۡ
so that
لَا
not
يَعۡلَمَ
he will know
بَعۡدَ
after
عِلۡمٖ
knowledge
شَيۡـًٔاۚ
a thing
إِنَّ
Indeed
ٱللَّهَ
Allah
عَلِيمٞ
(is) All-Knowing
قَدِيرٞ
All-Powerful
Translation
It is Allah who creates you and takes your souls at death; and of you there are some who are sent back to a feeble age, so that they know nothing after having known (much): for Allah is All-Knowing, All-Powerful.
Tafsir
And God has created you, when you were nothing, then He takes you [in death], when your terms [of life] are concluded; and there are some among you who are relegated to the most abject stage of life, that is, the most diminished, because of old-age and senility, so that he knows nothing after [having possessed] some knowledge. 'Ikrima said, 'Whoever recites Al-Qur'an will not come to such a predicament'. God is Knowing, of how to manage [the affairs of] His creation, Powerful, in [doing] what He will.
"
In Man there is a Lesson
Allah says,
وَاللّهُ خَلَقَكُمۡ ثُمَّ يَتَوَفَّاكُمۡ وَمِنكُم مَّن يُرَدُّ إِلَى أَرۡذَلِ الۡعُمُرِ لِكَيۡ لَا يَعۡلَمَ بَعۡدَ عِلۡمٍ شَيۡيًا إِنَّ اللّهَ عَلِيمٌ قَدِيرٌ
And Allah created you and then He will cause you to die; and among you there are some who are sent back to senility, so that they know nothing after having known (much). Truly, Allah is Knowing, capable of all things.
Allah tells us that He is controlling the affairs of His servants. He is the One Who created them out of nothing, then He will cause them to die. But there are some of them that He allows to grow old, which is a physical weakness, as Allah says:
اللَّهُ الَّذِى خَلَقَكُمۡ مِّن ضَعۡفٍ ثُمَّ جَعَلَ مِن بَعۡدِ ضَعۡفٍ قُوَّةٍ
Allah is He Who created you in (a state of) weakness, then gave you strength after weakness, then after strength gave (you) weakness. (30:54)
لِكَيۡ لَا يَعۡلَمَ بَعۡدَ عِلۡمٍ شَيۡيًا
so that they know nothing after having known.
meaning, after he knew things, he will reach a stage where he knows nothing because of weakness of mind due to old age and senility.
Thus Al-Bukhari, when commenting on this Ayah, reported a narration from Anas bin Malik that the Messenger of Allah used to pray:
أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ
الۡبُخۡلِ
وَالۡكَسَلِ
وَالۡهَرَمِ
وَأَرۡذَلِ الۡعُمُرِ
وَعَذَابِ الۡقَبۡرِ
وَفِتۡنَةِ الدَّجَّالِ
وَفِتۡنَةِ الۡمَحۡيَا وَالۡمَمَات
I seek refuge with You from
miserliness,
laziness,
old age,
senility,
the punishment of the grave,
the Fitnah of the Dajjal and
the trials of life and death.
Zuhayr bin Abi Sulma said, in his famous Mu`allaqah:
""I became exhausted from the responsibilities of life. Whoever lives for eighty years, no wonder he is tired. I ﷺ death hitting people like a crazed camel, and whoever it hit dies, but whoever is not hit lives until he grows old."
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