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Ayah
Word by Word
وَيَسۡتَعۡجِلُونَكَ
And they ask you to hasten
بِٱلسَّيِّئَةِ
the evil
قَبۡلَ
before
ٱلۡحَسَنَةِ
the good
وَقَدۡ
and verily
خَلَتۡ
has occurred
مِن
from
قَبۡلِهِمُ
before them
ٱلۡمَثُلَٰتُۗ
[the] similar punishments
وَإِنَّ
And indeed
رَبَّكَ
your Lord
لَذُو
(is) full
مَغۡفِرَةٖ
(of) forgiveness
لِّلنَّاسِ
for mankind
عَلَىٰ
for
ظُلۡمِهِمۡۖ
their wrongdoing
وَإِنَّ
and indeed
رَبَّكَ
your Lord
لَشَدِيدُ
(is) severe
ٱلۡعِقَابِ
(in) the penalty
وَيَسۡتَعۡجِلُونَكَ
And they ask you to hasten
بِٱلسَّيِّئَةِ
the evil
قَبۡلَ
before
ٱلۡحَسَنَةِ
the good
وَقَدۡ
and verily
خَلَتۡ
has occurred
مِن
from
قَبۡلِهِمُ
before them
ٱلۡمَثُلَٰتُۗ
[the] similar punishments
وَإِنَّ
And indeed
رَبَّكَ
your Lord
لَذُو
(is) full
مَغۡفِرَةٖ
(of) forgiveness
لِّلنَّاسِ
for mankind
عَلَىٰ
for
ظُلۡمِهِمۡۖ
their wrongdoing
وَإِنَّ
and indeed
رَبَّكَ
your Lord
لَشَدِيدُ
(is) severe
ٱلۡعِقَابِ
(in) the penalty
Translation
They ask thee to hasten on the evil in preference to the good: Yet have come to pass, before them, (many) exemplary punishments! But verily thy Lord is full of forgiveness for mankind for their wrong-doing, and verily thy Lord is (also) strict in punishment.
Tafsir
The following was revealed regarding their hastening on, out of mockery, of the chastisement: And they would have you hasten on the evil, the chastisement, rather than the good, [rather than] mercy, when there have indeed occurred before them exemplary punishments (mathulaat is the plural of mathula, similar [in pattern] to samura [pl. samuraat], 'acacia'), that is to say, the punishments of disbelievers like them: will they not take warning from these? Truly your Lord is forgiving to mankind despite their evil-doing, for otherwise He would not have left a single creature on the face of it [the earth]; and truly your Lord is severe in retribution, against those who disobey Him.
"The Disbelievers ask for the Punishment to be delivered now!
Allah said,
وَيَسۡتَعۡجِلُونَكَ
They ask you to hasten,
in reference to the disbelievers,
بِالسَّيِّيَةِ قَبۡلَ الۡحَسَنَةِ
the evil before the good,
meaning, the punishment.
Allah said in other Ayat that they said,
وَقَالُواۡ يأَيُّهَا الَّذِى نُزِّلَ عَلَيۡهِ الذِّكۡرُ إِنَّكَ لَمَجۡنُونٌ
لَّوۡ مَا تَأۡتِينَا بِالۡمَلَـيِكَةِ إِن كُنتَ مِنَ الصَّـدِقِينَ
مَا نُنَزِّلُ الۡمَلَـيِكَةَ إِلاَّ بِالحَقِّ وَمَا كَانُواۡ إِذًا مُّنظَرِينَ
And they say:""O you to whom the Dhikr (the Qur'an) has been sent down! Verily, you are a mad man! Why do you not bring angels to us if you are of the truthful!""
We send not the angels down except with the truth (i.e. for torment), and in that case, they (the disbelieves) would have no respite! (15:6-8)
and two Ayat;
وَيَسۡتَعۡجِلُونَكَ بِالۡعَذَابِ
And they ask you to hasten on the torment! (29:53-54)
Allah also said,
سَأَلَ سَأيِلٌ بِعَذَابٍ وَاقِعٍ
A questioner asked concerning a torment about to befall. (70:1)
and,
يَسۡتَعۡجِلُ بِهَا الَّذِينَ لَا يُوۡمِنُونَ بِهَا وَالَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواۡ مُشۡفِقُونَ مِنۡهَا وَيَعۡلَمُونَ أَنَّهَا الۡحَقُّ
Those who believe not therein seek to hasten it, while those who believe are fearful of it, and know that it is the very truth. (42:18)
and,
وَقَالُواۡ رَبَّنَا عَجِّل لَّنَا قِطَّنَا
They say:""Our Lord! Hasten to us Qittana. (38:16),
meaning, our due torment and reckoning.
Allah said that they also supplicated,
وَإِذۡ قَالُواۡ اللَّهُمَّ إِن كَانَ هَـذَا هُوَ الۡحَقَّ مِنۡ عِندِكَ
And (remember) when they said:""O Allah! If this (the Qur'an) is indeed the truth from You. (8:32)
They were such rebellious, stubborn disbelievers that they asked the Messenger to bring them Allah's torment.
Allah replied,
وَقَدۡ خَلَتۡ مِن قَبۡلِهِمُ الۡمَثُلَتُ
while exemplary punishments have indeed occurred before them.
Meaning, `We have exerted Our punishment on the previous disbelieving nations, and made them a lesson and example for those who might take heed from their destruction.'
If it was not for His forbearance and forgiveness, Allah would have indeed punished them sooner.
Allah said in another Ayah,
وَلَوۡ يُوَاخِذُ اللَّهُ النَّاسَ بِمَا كَسَبُواۡ مَا تَرَكَ عَلَى ظَهۡرِهَا مِن دَابَّةٍ
And if Allah were to punish men for that which they earned, He would not leave a moving creature on the surface of the earth. (35:45)
Allah said in this honorable Ayah,
وَإِنَّ رَبَّكَ لَذُو مَغۡفِرَةٍ لِّلنَّاسِ عَلَى ظُلۡمِهِمۡ
But verily, your Lord is full of forgiveness for mankind in spite of their wrongdoing.
He is full of forgiveness, pardoning and covering the mistakes of people, in spite of their wrongdoing and the errors committed night and day.
Allah next reminds that His punishment is severe, so that fear and hope are both addressed and mentioned.
وَإِنَّ رَبَّكَ لَشَدِيدُ الۡعِقَابِ
And verily, your Lord is (also) severe in punishment.
Allah said in other Ayat,
فَإِن كَذَّبُوكَ فَقُل رَّبُّكُمۡ ذُو رَحۡمَةٍ وَسِعَةٍ وَلَا يُرَدُّ بَأۡسُهُ عَنِ الۡقَوۡمِ الۡمُجۡرِمِينَ
If they belie you, say:""Your Lord is the Owner of vast mercy, and never will His wrath be turned back from the people who are criminals."" (6:147)
إِنَّ رَبَّكَ لَسَرِيعُ الۡعِقَابِ وَإِنَّهُ لَغَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ
Verily, your Lord is quick in retribution and certainly He is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful. (7:167)
and,
نَبِّىءۡ عِبَادِى أَنِّى أَنَا الۡغَفُورُ الرَّحِيمُ وَأَنَّ عَذَابِى هُوَ الۡعَذَابُ الاٌّلِيمُ
Declare unto My servants that truly I am the Oft-Forgiving, the Most Merciful. And that My torment is indeed the most painful torment. (15:49-50)
There are many other Ayat that mention both fear and hope."
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