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Ayah

Word by Word
وَيَسۡتَعۡجِلُونَكَ
And they ask you to hasten
بِٱلسَّيِّئَةِ
the evil
قَبۡلَ
before
ٱلۡحَسَنَةِ
the good
وَقَدۡ
and verily
خَلَتۡ
has occurred
مِن
from
قَبۡلِهِمُ
before them
ٱلۡمَثُلَٰتُۗ
[the] similar punishments
وَإِنَّ
And indeed
رَبَّكَ
your Lord
لَذُو
(is) full
مَغۡفِرَةٖ
(of) forgiveness
لِّلنَّاسِ
for mankind
عَلَىٰ
for
ظُلۡمِهِمۡۖ
their wrongdoing
وَإِنَّ
and indeed
رَبَّكَ
your Lord
لَشَدِيدُ
(is) severe
ٱلۡعِقَابِ
(in) the penalty
وَيَسۡتَعۡجِلُونَكَ
And they ask you to hasten
بِٱلسَّيِّئَةِ
the evil
قَبۡلَ
before
ٱلۡحَسَنَةِ
the good
وَقَدۡ
and verily
خَلَتۡ
has occurred
مِن
from
قَبۡلِهِمُ
before them
ٱلۡمَثُلَٰتُۗ
[the] similar punishments
وَإِنَّ
And indeed
رَبَّكَ
your Lord
لَذُو
(is) full
مَغۡفِرَةٖ
(of) forgiveness
لِّلنَّاسِ
for mankind
عَلَىٰ
for
ظُلۡمِهِمۡۖ
their wrongdoing
وَإِنَّ
and indeed
رَبَّكَ
your Lord
لَشَدِيدُ
(is) severe
ٱلۡعِقَابِ
(in) the penalty

Translation

They impatiently urge you to bring about evil before good,1 while there has already occurred before them similar punishments [to what they demand]. And indeed, your Lord is the possessor of forgiveness for the people despite their wrongdoing, and indeed, your Lord is severe in penalty.
Footnotes
1 - They said, challenging the Prophet (ﷺ) in ridicule, "Bring on the punishment, if you are truthful," rather than asking for mercy and forgiveness from Allāh.

Tafsir

The following was revealed regarding their hastening on, out of mockery, of the chastisement: And they would have you hasten on the evil, the chastisement, rather than the good, [rather than] mercy, when there have indeed occurred before them exemplary punishments (mathulaat is the plural of mathula, similar [in pattern] to samura [pl. samuraat], 'acacia'), that is to say, the punishments of disbelievers like them: will they not take warning from these? Truly your Lord is forgiving to mankind despite their evil-doing, for otherwise He would not have left a single creature on the face of it [the earth]; and truly your Lord is severe in retribution, against those who disobey Him.

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