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Ayah
Word by Word
مَّثَلُ
The example
ٱلۡجَنَّةِ
of Paradise
ٱلَّتِي
which
وُعِدَ
(is) promised
ٱلۡمُتَّقُونَۖ
(to) the righteous
تَجۡرِي
flows
مِن
from
تَحۡتِهَا
underneath it
ٱلۡأَنۡهَٰرُۖ
the rivers
أُكُلُهَا
Its food
دَآئِمٞ
(is) everlasting
وَظِلُّهَاۚ
and its shade
تِلۡكَ
This
عُقۡبَى
(is the) end
ٱلَّذِينَ
of those who
ٱتَّقَواْۚ
(are) righteous
وَّعُقۡبَى
and (the) end
ٱلۡكَٰفِرِينَ
(of) the disbelievers
ٱلنَّارُ
(is) the Fire
مَّثَلُ
The example
ٱلۡجَنَّةِ
of Paradise
ٱلَّتِي
which
وُعِدَ
(is) promised
ٱلۡمُتَّقُونَۖ
(to) the righteous
تَجۡرِي
flows
مِن
from
تَحۡتِهَا
underneath it
ٱلۡأَنۡهَٰرُۖ
the rivers
أُكُلُهَا
Its food
دَآئِمٞ
(is) everlasting
وَظِلُّهَاۚ
and its shade
تِلۡكَ
This
عُقۡبَى
(is the) end
ٱلَّذِينَ
of those who
ٱتَّقَواْۚ
(are) righteous
وَّعُقۡبَى
and (the) end
ٱلۡكَٰفِرِينَ
(of) the disbelievers
ٱلنَّارُ
(is) the Fire
Translation
The parable of the Garden which the righteous are promised!- beneath it flow rivers: perpetual is the enjoyment thereof and the shade therein: such is the end of the Righteous; and the end of Unbelievers in the Fire.
Tafsir
The likeness, the description, of the Paradise, which has been promised to the God-fearing (this is a subject, the predicate of which has been omitted), in other words, according to what We recount to you [is as follows]: beneath it rivers flow, its food, what is consumed in it, is everlasting, never perishing, and its shade, is everlasting, never replaced by any sun, because it does not exist therein. That, namely, the Paradise, is the reward, the sequel, of those who were wary, of idolatry, and the requital of the disbelievers is the Hellfire!
"
Punishment of the Disbelievers and Reward of the Pious Believers
Here, Allah mentions the punishment of the disbelievers and the reward of the righteous believers, after describing the Kufr and Shirk that the disbelievers indulge in,
لَّهُمۡ عَذَابٌ فِي الۡحَيَاةِ الدُّنۡيَا
For them is a torment in the life of this world,
by the hands of the believers, killing and capturing them,
وَلَعَذَابُ الاخِرَةِ
and certainly, the torment of the Hereafter,
which will come after they suffer humiliation in this life,
أَشَقُّ
is harder,
many times harder.
The Messenger of Allah said to those who agreed to Mula`anah,
إِنَّ عَذَابَ الدُّنۡيَا أَهۡوَنُ مِنۡ عَذَابِ الاۡخِرَة
Surely, the torment of this life, is easier than the torment of the Hereafter.
Indeed, and just as the Messenger of Allah stated, the torment of this life ends but the torment of the Hereafter is everlasting in a Fire that is seventy times hot than our fire, where there are chains whose thickness and hardness are unimaginable.
وَمَا لَهُم مِّنَ اللّهِ مِن وَاقٍ
And they have no defender (or protector) against Allah.
Allah said in other Ayat,
فَيَوۡمَيِذٍ لاَّ يُعَذِّبُ عَذَابَهُ أَحَدٌ
وَلَا يُوثِقُ وَثَاقَهُ أَحَدٌ
So on that Day none will punish as He will punish. And none will bind as He will bind. (89:25-26)
and,
بَلۡ كَذَّبُواۡ بِالسَّاعَةِ وَأَعۡتَدۡنَا لِمَن كَذَّبَ بِالسَّاعَةِ سَعِيراً
إِذَا رَأَتۡهُمۡ مِّن مَّكَانٍ بَعِيدٍ سَمِعُواۡ لَهَا تَغَيُّظاً وَزَفِيراً
وَإَذَا أُلۡقُواۡ مِنۡهَا مَكَاناً ضَيِّقاً مُّقَرَّنِينَ دَعَوۡاۡ هُنَالِكَ ثُبُوراً
لااَّ تَدۡعُواۡ الۡيَوۡمَ ثُبُوراً وَحِداً وَادۡعُواۡ ثُبُوراً كَثِيراً
قُلۡ أَذَلِكَ خَيۡرٌ أَمۡ جَنَّةُ الۡخُلۡدِ الَّتِى وَعِدَ الۡمُتَّقُونَ كَانَتۡ لَهُمۡ جَزَاءً وَمَصِيراً
And for those who deny the Hour, We have prepared a flaming Fire. When it (Hell) sees them from a far place, they will hear its raging and its roaring. And when they shall be thrown into a narrow place thereof, chained together, they will exclaim therein for destruction.
Exclaim not today for one destruction, but exclaim for many destructions.
Say:""Is that (torment) better, or the Paradise of Eternity promised for those who have Taqwa!"" It will be theirs as a reward and as a final destination. (25:11-15)
Similarly He said
مَّثَلُ الۡجَنَّةِ الَّتِي وُعِدَ الۡمُتَّقُونَ
The description of the Paradise which those who have Taqwa have been promised,
meaning its description and qualities;
تَجۡرِي مِن تَحۡتِهَا الَانۡهَارُ
Underneath it rivers flow,
these rivers flow in the various parts and grades of Paradise and wherever its people wish they flow and gush forth for them.
Allah also said,
مَّثَلُ الۡجَنَّةِ الَّتِى وُعِدَ الۡمُتَّقُونَ فِيهَأ أَنۡهَارٌ مِّن مَّأءٍ غَيۡرِ ءَاسِنٍ وَأَنۡهَارٌ مِّن لَّبَنٍ لَّمۡ يَتَغَيَّرۡ طَعۡمُهُ وَأَنۡهَـرٌ مِّنۡ خَمۡرٍ لَّذَّةٍ لِّلشَّـرِبِينَ وَأَنۡهَـرٌ مِّنۡ عَسَلٍ مُّصَفًّى وَلَهُمۡ فِيهَا مِن كُلِّ الثَّمَرَتِ وَمَغۡفِرَةٌ
The description of Paradise which those who have Taqwa have been promised (is that) in it are rivers of water the taste and smell of which are not changed, rivers of wine delicious to those who drink, and rivers of clarified honey, therein for them is every kind of fruit, and forgiveness. (47:15)
Allah said next,
أُكُلُهَا دَايِمٌ وِظِلُّهَا
its provision is eternal and so is its shade,
for Paradise has foods, fruits and drinks that never end or finish.
It is recorded in the Two Sahihs that Ibn Abbas narrated in the Hadith about the Eclipse prayer that the Companions said,
""O Allah's Messenger! While you were standing (in prayer), we ﷺ you reach for something with your hand and then you brought it back.""
The Messenger said,
إِنِّي رَأَيۡتُ الۡجَنَّةَ أَوۡ أُرِيتُ الۡجَنَّةَ فَتَنَاوَلۡتُ مِنۡهَا عُنۡقُودًا وَلَوۡ أَخَذۡتُهُ لَاَكَلۡتُمۡ مِنۡهُ مَا بَقِيَتِ الدُّنۡيَا
I ﷺ Paradise - or was shown Paradise - and reached for a cluster (of grapes or other fruit), and had I kept it, you would have eaten from it as long as this life remains.
Imam Muslim recorded that Jabir bin Abdullah said that the Messenger of Allah said,
يَأۡكُلُ أَهۡلُ الۡجَنَّةِ وَيَشۡرَبُونَ وَلَاأ يَتَمَخَّطُونَ وَلَاأ يَتَغَوَّطُونَ وَلَاأ يَبُولُونَ طَعَامُهُمۡ جُشَاءٌ كَرِيحِ الۡمِسۡكِ وَيُلۡهَمُونَ التَّسۡبِيحَ وَالتَّقۡدِيسَ كَمَا يُلۡهَمُونَ النَّفَس
The people of Paradise eat and drink, and they do not need to blow their noses, or answer the call of nature, or urinate, for they pass the food excrements in belches, which smell like musk. They will be inspired to praise and glorify (Allah) as spontaneously as they breathe.
Imams Ahmad and An-Nasa'i recorded that Thumamah bin Uqbah said that he heard Zayd bin Arqam say,
""A man from the People of the Scriptures came and said (to the Prophet), `O Abul-Qasim! You claim that the people of Paradise eat and drink'
The Prophet said,
نَعَمۡ وَالَّذِي نَفۡسُ مُحَمَّدٍ بِيَدِهِ إِنَّ الرَّجُلَ مِنۡهُمۡ لَيُعطَى قُوَّةَ مِايَةِ رَجُلٍ فِي الاَۡكۡلِ وَالشُّرۡبِ وَالۡجِمَاعِ وَالشَّهۡوَة
Yes. By He in Whose Hand is Muhammad's life, a man among them will be given the strength of a hundred men in eating, drinking, sexual intercourse and appetite.
That man asked, `He who eats and drinks needs to relieve the call of nature, but Paradise is pure (from feces and urine).'
The Prophet said,
تَكُونُ حَاجَةُ أَحَدِهِمۡ رَشۡحًا يَفِيضُ مِنۡ جُلُودِهِمۡ كَرِيحِ الۡمِسۡكِ فَيَضۡمُرُ بَطۡنُه
One of them (residents of Paradise) relieves the call of nature through a sweat that emanates from the skin, with the scent of musk, and the stomach becomes empty again.
Imam Ahmad and An-Nasa'i collected this Hadith.
Allah said in other Ayat,
وَفَـكِهَةٍ كَثِيرَةٍ
لااَّ مَقۡطُوعَةٍ وَلَا مَمۡنُوعَةٍ
And fruit in plenty, whose supply is not cut off nor are they out of reach. (56:32-33)
and,
وَدَانِيَةً عَلَيۡهِمۡ ظِلَـلُهَا وَذُلِّلَتۡ قُطُوفُهَا تَذۡلِيلً
And the shade thereof is close upon them, and the bunches of fruit thereof will hang low within their reach. (76:14)
The shade of Paradise is everlasting and never shrinks, just as Allah said,
وَالَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواۡ وَعَمِلُواۡ الصَّـلِحَـتِ سَنُدۡخِلُهُمۡ جَنَّـتٍ تَجۡرِى مِن تَحۡتِهَا الاٌّنۡهَـرُ خَـلِدِينَ فِيهَأ أَبَداً لَّهُمۡ فِيهَأ أَزۡوَجٌ مُّطَهَّرَةٌ وَنُدۡخِلُهُمۡ ظِـلًّ ظَلِيلً
But those who believe and do deeds of righteousness, We shall admit them to Gardens under which rivers flow, abiding therein forever. Therein they shall have pure mates, and We shall admit them to shades wide and ever deepening. (4:57)
Allah often mentions the description of Paradise and the description of the Fire together, to make Paradise appealing and warn against the Fire. This is why, after Allah mentioned the description of Paradise here,
He next said,
تِلۡكَ عُقۡبَى الَّذِينَ اتَّقَواۡ
وَّعُقۡبَى الۡكَافِرِينَ النَّارُ
this is the end (final destination) of those who have Taqwa, and the end (final destination) of the disbelievers is Fire.
Allah said in another Ayah,
لَا يَسۡتَوِى أَصۡحَـبُ النَّارِ وَأَصۡحَـبُ الۡجَنَّةِ أَصۡحَـبُ الۡجَنَّةِ هُمُ الۡفَأيِزُونَ
Not equal are the dwellers of the Fire and the dwellers of the Paradise. It is the dwellers of Paradise that will be successful. (59:20)"
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