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Ayah
Word by Word
وَيَقُولُ
And say
ٱلَّذِينَ
those who
كَفَرُواْ
disbelieved
لَوۡلَآ
Why has not
أُنزِلَ
been sent down
عَلَيۡهِ
upon him
ءَايَةٞ
a Sign
مِّن
from
رَّبِّهِۦۚ
his Lord
قُلۡ
Say
إِنَّ
Indeed
ٱللَّهَ
Allah
يُضِلُّ
lets go astray
مَن
whom
يَشَآءُ
He wills
وَيَهۡدِيٓ
and guides
إِلَيۡهِ
to Himself
مَنۡ
whoever
أَنَابَ
turns back
وَيَقُولُ
And say
ٱلَّذِينَ
those who
كَفَرُواْ
disbelieved
لَوۡلَآ
Why has not
أُنزِلَ
been sent down
عَلَيۡهِ
upon him
ءَايَةٞ
a Sign
مِّن
from
رَّبِّهِۦۚ
his Lord
قُلۡ
Say
إِنَّ
Indeed
ٱللَّهَ
Allah
يُضِلُّ
lets go astray
مَن
whom
يَشَآءُ
He wills
وَيَهۡدِيٓ
and guides
إِلَيۡهِ
to Himself
مَنۡ
whoever
أَنَابَ
turns back
Translation
The Unbelievers say: "Why is not a sign sent down to him from his Lord?" Say: "Truly Allah leaveth, to stray, whom He will; But He guideth to Himself those who turn to Him in penitence,-
Tafsir
And those who disbelieve, from among the people of Mecca, say, 'Why has not some sign, like the staff and the [glowing] hand or the she-camel, been sent down upon him, upon Muhammad may peace and salutation be upon him, from his Lord?' Say, to them: 'Indeed God sends astray whomever He will, to send astray - such that signs cannot avail him in any way - and He guides, He directs, to Him, to His religion, those who turn in repentance', [those who] return to Him (man, 'those who', is substituted by [the following, alladheena, 'those who .']);
"Disbelievers ask for Miracles, Allah's Response to Them
Allah tells:
وَيَقُولُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواۡ
And those who disbelieved say:
Allah says that the idolators said,
لَوۡلَا
Why is not,
meaning, there should be,
أُنزِلَ عَلَيۡهِ ايَةٌ مِّن رَّبِّهِ
a sign sent down to him from his Lord,
The idolators also said,
فَلۡيَأۡتِنَا بِـَايَةٍ كَمَأ أُرۡسِلَ الاٌّوَّلُونَ
Let him then bring us an Ayah like the ones (Prophets) that were sent before (with signs)! (21:5)
We mentioned this subject several times before and stated that Allah is able to bring them what they wanted. There is a Hadith which mentions that the idolators asked the Prophet to turn Mount As-Safa into gold and, they also asked him for a spring to gush forth for them and to remove the mountains from around Makkah and replace them with green fields and gardens.
Allah revealed to His Messenger:
""If You wish, O Muhammad, I will give them what they asked for. However, if they disbelieve thereafter, I will punish them with a punishment that I did not punish any among the `Alamin (mankind and the Jinns).
Or, if you wish, I will open for them the door to repentance and mercy.""
The Prophet said,
بَلۡ تَفۡتَحُ لَهُمۡ بَابَ التَّوبَةِ وَالرَّحۡمَة
Rather, open for them the door to repentance and mercy.
This is why Allah said to His Messenger next,
قُلۡ إِنَّ اللّهَ يُضِلُّ مَن يَشَاء وَيَهۡدِي إِلَيۡهِ مَنۡ أَنَابَ
Say:""Verily, Allah sends astray whom He wills and guides unto Himself those who turn to Him in repentance.""
Allah states that He brings misguidance or guidance whether the Messenger was given a sign (a miracle) according to their asking or not. Verily, earning the misguidance or the guidance are not connected to the miracles or the lack of them.
Allah said in other Ayat,
وَمَا تُغۡنِى الايَـتُ وَالنُّذُرُ عَن قَوۡمٍ لاَّ يُوۡمِنُونَ
But neither Ayat nor warners benefit those who believe not. (10:101)
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ حَقَّتۡ عَلَيۡهِمۡ كَلِمَةُ رَبِّكَ لَا يُوۡمِنُونَ
وَلَوۡ جَأءَتۡهُمۡ كُلُّ ءايَةٍ حَتَّى يَرَوُاۡ الۡعَذَابَ الاٌّلِيمَ
Truly, those, against whom the Word of your Lord has been justified, will not believe. Even if every sign should come to them, until they see the painful torment. (10:96-97)
and,
وَلَوۡ أَنَّنَا نَزَّلۡنَأ إِلَيۡهِمُ الۡمَلَـيِكَةَ وَكَلَّمَهُمُ الۡمَوۡتَى وَحَشَرۡنَا عَلَيۡهِمۡ كُلَّ شَىۡءٍ قُبُلً مَّا كَانُواۡ لِيُوۡمِنُواۡ إِلاَّ أَن يَشَأءَ اللَّهُ وَلَـكِنَّ أَكۡثَرَهُمۡ يَجۡهَلُونَ
And even if We had sent down unto them angels, and the dead had spoken unto them, and We had gathered together all things before their very eyes, they would not have believed, unless Allah willed, but most of them behave ignorantly. (6:111)
Allah said here,
قُلۡ إِنَّ اللّهَ يُضِلُّ مَن يَشَاء وَيَهۡدِي إِلَيۡهِ مَنۡ أَنَابَ
Say:""Verily, Allah sends astray whom He wills and guides unto Himself those who turn to Him in repentance.""
meaning, He guides to Him those who repent, turn to Him, beg Him, seek His help and humbly submit to Him.
The Believer's Heart finds Comfort in the Remembrance of Allah
Allah said
الَّذِينَ امَنُواۡ وَتَطۡمَيِنُّ قُلُوبُهُم بِذِكۡرِ اللّهِ
Those who believed, and whose hearts find rest in the remembrance of Allah.
for their hearts find comfort on the side of Allah, become tranquil when He is remembered and pleased to have Him as their Protector and Supporter.
So Allah said,
أَلَا بِذِكۡرِ اللّهِ تَطۡمَيِنُّ الۡقُلُوبُ
Verily, in the remembrance of Allah do hearts find rest.
and surely, He is worthy of it.
The Meaning of Tuba
Allah said,
الَّذِينَ امَنُواۡ وَعَمِلُواۡ الصَّالِحَاتِ طُوبَى لَهُمۡ وَحُسۡنُ مَأبٍ
Those who believed, and work righteousness, Tuba is for them and a beautiful place of (final) return.
Ali bin Abi Talhah reported that Ibn Abbas said that Tuba means,
""Happiness and comfort or refreshment of the eye.""
Ikrimah said that Tuba means,
""How excellent is what they earned,""
while Ad-Dahhak said,
""A joy for them.""
Furthermore, Ibrahim An-Nakh`i said that Tuba means,
""Better for them,""
while Qatadah said that it is an Arabic word that means,
`you have earned a good thing.'
In another narration, Qatadah said that `Tuba for them' means,
""It is excellent for them,""
وَحُسۡنُ مَأبٍ
(and a beautiful place of return),
and final destination.
These meanings for Tuba are all synonymous and they do not contradict one another.
Imam Ahmad recorded that Abu Sa'id Al-Khudri said that a man asked,
""O Allah's Messenger! Tuba for those who ﷺ you and believed in you!""
The Prophet said,
طُوبَى لِمَنۡ رَانِي وَامَنَ بِي وَطُوبَى ثُمَّ طُوبَى ثُمَّ طُوبَى لِمَنۡ امَنَ بِي وَلَمۡ يَرَنِي
Tuba is for he who ﷺ me and believed in me. Tuba, and another Tuba, and another Tuba for he who believed in me, but did not see me.
A man asked, ""What is Tuba?""
The Prophet said,
شَجَرَةٌ فِي الۡجَنَّةِ مَسِيرَتُهَا مِايَةُ عَامٍ ثِيَابُ أَهۡلِ الۡجَنَّةِ تَخۡرُجُ مِنۡ أَكۡمَامِهَا
A tree in Paradise whose width is a hundred years, and the clothes of the people of Paradise are taken from its bark.
Al-Bukhari and Muslim recorded that Sahl bin Sa`d said that the Messenger of Allah said,
إِنَّ فِي الۡجَنَّةِ شَجَرَةً يَسِيرُ الرَّاكِبُ فِي ظِلِّهَا مِايَةَ عَامٍ لَا يَقۡطَعُهَا
There is a tree in Paradise, if a rider travels in its shade for one hundred years, he would not be able to cross it.
An-Nu`man bin Abi Ayyash Az-Zuraqi added,
""Abu Sa`id Al-Khudri narrated to me that the Prophet said,
إِنَّ فِي الۡجَنَّةِ شَجَرَةً يَسِيرُ الرَّاكِبُ الۡجَوَادَ الۡمُضَمَّرَ السَّرِيعَ مِايَةَ عَامٍ مَا يَقۡطَعُهَا
There is a tree in Paradise, if a rider travels in its shade on a fast, sleek horse for one hundred years, he would not be able to cross it.""
In his Sahih, Imam Muslim recorded that Abu Dharr narrated that the Messenger of Allah said that Allah the Exalted and Most Honored said,
يَا عِبَادِي
لَوۡ أَنَّ أَوَّلَكُمۡ وَاخِرَكُمۡ وَإِنۡسَكُمۡ وَجِنَّكُمۡ قَامُوا فِي صَعِيدٍ وَاحِدٍ فَسَأَلُونِي فَأَعۡطَيۡتُ كُلَّ إِنۡسَانٍ مَسۡأَلَتَهُ مَا نَقَصَ ذَلِكَ مِنۡ مُلۡكِي شَيۡيًا إِلاَّ كَمَا يَنۡقُصُ الۡمِخۡيَطُ إِذَا أُدۡخِلَ فِي الۡبَحۡر
O My slaves!
If the first and the last among you, mankind and Jinns among you, stood in one spot and asked Me and I gave each person what he asked, it will not decrease from My dominion, except what the needle decreases (or carries) when entered into the sea.
Khalid bin Ma`ddan said,
""There is a tree in Paradise called Tuba, that has breasts that nurse the children of the people of Paradise. Verily, the miscarriage of a woman will be swimming in one of the rivers of Paradise until the Day of Resurrection commences, when he will be gathered with people while forty years of age.""
Ibn Abi Hatim collected this statement."
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