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Ayah
Word by Word
ٱللَّهُ
Allah
يَبۡسُطُ
extends
ٱلرِّزۡقَ
the provision
لِمَن
for whom
يَشَآءُ
He wills
وَيَقۡدِرُۚ
and restricts
وَفَرِحُواْ
And they rejoice
بِٱلۡحَيَوٰةِ
in the life
ٱلدُّنۡيَا
(of) the world
وَمَا
and nothing
ٱلۡحَيَوٰةُ
(is) the life
ٱلدُّنۡيَا
of the world
فِي
in (comparison to)
ٱلۡأٓخِرَةِ
the Hereafter
إِلَّا
except
مَتَٰعٞ
an enjoyment
ٱللَّهُ
Allah
يَبۡسُطُ
extends
ٱلرِّزۡقَ
the provision
لِمَن
for whom
يَشَآءُ
He wills
وَيَقۡدِرُۚ
and restricts
وَفَرِحُواْ
And they rejoice
بِٱلۡحَيَوٰةِ
in the life
ٱلدُّنۡيَا
(of) the world
وَمَا
and nothing
ٱلۡحَيَوٰةُ
(is) the life
ٱلدُّنۡيَا
of the world
فِي
in (comparison to)
ٱلۡأٓخِرَةِ
the Hereafter
إِلَّا
except
مَتَٰعٞ
an enjoyment
Translation
Allah doth enlarge, or grant by (strict) measure, the sustenance (which He giveth) to whomso He pleaseth. (The wordly) rejoice in the life of this world: But the life of this world is but little comfort in the Hereafter.
Tafsir
God expands provision, He makes it abundant, for whom He will, and straitens, restricts it, for whomever He will; and they, the people of Mecca, rejoice, a wanton rejoicing, in the life of this world, that is, in what they acquire therein, yet the life of this world, in, comparison with the life of, the Hereafter, is but [a brief] enjoyment, a trifling thing, enjoyed and then lost.
"Increase and Decrease in Provision is in Allah's Hand
Allah says:
اللّهُ يَبۡسُطُ الرِّزۡقَ لِمَنۡ يَشَاء وَيَقَدِرُ
وَفَرِحُواۡ بِالۡحَيَاةِ الدُّنۡيَا
Allah increases the provision for whom He wills, and straitens (it for whom He wills),
Allah states that He alone increases the provisions for whom He wills and decreases it for whom He wills, according to His wisdom and perfect justice. So, when the disbelievers rejoice with the life of the present world that was given to them, they do not know that they are being tested and tried.
Allah said in other Ayat,
أَيَحۡسَبُونَ أَنَّمَا نُمِدُّهُمۡ بِهِ مِن مَّالٍ وَبَنِينَ
نُسَارِعُ لَهُمۡ فِى الۡخَيۡرَتِ بَل لاَّ يَشۡعُرُونَ
Do they think that in wealth and children with which We enlarge them. We hasten unto them with good things. Nay, but they perceive not. (23:55-56)
Allah belittled the life of the present world in comparison to what He has prepared for His believing servants in the Hereafter,
وَمَا الۡحَيَاةُ الدُّنۡيَا فِي الاخِرَةِ إِلاَّ مَتَاعٌ
whereas the life of this world compared to the Hereafter is but a brief passing enjoyment.
Allah said in other Ayat,
قُلۡ مَتَـعُ الدُّنۡيَا قَلِيلٌ وَالاٌّخِرَةُ خَيۡرٌ لِّمَنِ اتَّقَى وَلَا تُظۡلَمُونَ فَتِيلً
Say:""Short is the enjoyment of this world. The Hereafter is (far) better for him who has Taqwa, and you shall not be dealt with unjustly even equal to the amount of a Fatila. (4:77)
and,
بَلۡ تُوۡثِرُونَ الۡحَيَوةَ الدُّنۡيَا
وَالاٌّخِرَةُ خَيۡرٌ وَأَبۡقَى
Nay, you prefer the life of this world, although the Hereafter is better and more lasting. (87:16-17)
Imam Ahmad recorded that Al-Mustawrid, from Bani Fihr, said that the Messenger of Allah said,
مَا الدُّنۡيَا فِي الاۡاخِرَةِ إِلاَّ كَمَا يَجۡعَلُ أَحَدُكُمۡ إصۡبَعَهُ هَذِهِ فِي الۡيَمِّ فَلۡيَنۡظُرۡ بِمَ تَرۡجِع
The life of the present world, compared to the Hereafter, is just like when one of you inserts his finger in the sea, so let him contemplate how much of it will it carry.
and he pointed with the index finger.
Imam Muslim also collected this Hadith in his Sahih.
In another Hadith, the Prophet passed by a dead sheep, whose ears were small, and said,
وَاللهِ لَلدُّنۡيَا أَهۡوَنُ عَلَى اللهِ مِنۡ هَذَا عَلَى أَهۡلِهِ حِينَ أَلۡقَوه
By Allah! The life of this present world is as insignificant to Allah as this sheep was to its owners when they threw it away."
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