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Ayah
Word by Word
ٱللَّهُ
Allah
ٱلَّذِي
(is) the One Who
رَفَعَ
raised
ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ
the heavens
بِغَيۡرِ
without
عَمَدٖ
pillars
تَرَوۡنَهَاۖ
that you see
ثُمَّ
then
ٱسۡتَوَىٰ
He established
عَلَى
on
ٱلۡعَرۡشِۖ
the Throne
وَسَخَّرَ
and subjected
ٱلشَّمۡسَ
the sun
وَٱلۡقَمَرَۖ
and the moon
كُلّٞ
each
يَجۡرِي
running
لِأَجَلٖ
for a term
مُّسَمّٗىۚ
appointed
يُدَبِّرُ
He arranges
ٱلۡأَمۡرَ
the matter
يُفَصِّلُ
He details
ٱلۡأٓيَٰتِ
the Signs
لَعَلَّكُم
so that you may
بِلِقَآءِ
in the meeting
رَبِّكُمۡ
(with) your Lord
تُوقِنُونَ
believe with certainty
ٱللَّهُ
Allah
ٱلَّذِي
(is) the One Who
رَفَعَ
raised
ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ
the heavens
بِغَيۡرِ
without
عَمَدٖ
pillars
تَرَوۡنَهَاۖ
that you see
ثُمَّ
then
ٱسۡتَوَىٰ
He established
عَلَى
on
ٱلۡعَرۡشِۖ
the Throne
وَسَخَّرَ
and subjected
ٱلشَّمۡسَ
the sun
وَٱلۡقَمَرَۖ
and the moon
كُلّٞ
each
يَجۡرِي
running
لِأَجَلٖ
for a term
مُّسَمّٗىۚ
appointed
يُدَبِّرُ
He arranges
ٱلۡأَمۡرَ
the matter
يُفَصِّلُ
He details
ٱلۡأٓيَٰتِ
the Signs
لَعَلَّكُم
so that you may
بِلِقَآءِ
in the meeting
رَبِّكُمۡ
(with) your Lord
تُوقِنُونَ
believe with certainty
Translation
Allah is He Who raised the heavens without any pillars that ye can see; is firmly established on the throne (of authority); He has subjected the sun and the moon (to his Law)! Each one runs (its course) for a term appointed. He doth regulate all affairs, explaining the signs in detail, that ye may believe with certainty in the meeting with your Lord.
Tafsir
God is He Who raised up the skies without visible supports ('amad is the plural of 'imaad, which is [the same as] an ustuwaana, 'a column'; and this [statement] is true, since there are no actual supports) then presided upon the Throne, a presiding befitting Him, and disposed, made subservient, the sun and the moon, each one, of them, moving, along its course, until [the conclusion of] an appointed time, that is, [until] the Day of Resurrection. He directs the command, He conducts the affairs of His Kingdom. He details, He expounds, the signs, the indications of His power, so that you, O people of Mecca, might be certain of the encounter with your Lord, through resurrection.
"
Clarifying Allah's Perfect Ability
Allah tells;
اللّهُ الَّذِي رَفَعَ السَّمَاوَاتِ
Allah is He Who raised the heavens,
Allah mentions His perfect ability and infinite authority, since it is He Who has raised the heavens without pillars by His permission and order. He, by His leave, order and power, has elevated the heavens high above the earth, distant and far away from reach. The heaven nearest to the present world encompasses the earth from all directions, and is also high above it from every direction.
The distance between the first heaven and the earth is five hundred years from every direction, and its thickness is also five hundred years.
The second heaven surrounds the first heaven from every direction, encompassing everything that the latter carries, with a thickness also of five hundred years and a distance between them of five hundred years. The same is also true about the third, the fourth, the fifth, the sixth and the seventh heavens.
Allah said,
اللَّهُ الَّذِى خَلَقَ سَبۡعَ سَمَـوَتٍ وَمِنَ الاٌّرۡضِ مِثۡلَهُنَّ
It is Allah who has created seven heavens and of the earth the like thereof. (65:12)
Allah said next,
بِغَيۡرِ عَمَدٍ تَرَوۡنَهَا
..without any pillars that you can see.
meaning, `there are pillars, but you cannot see them,'
according to Ibn Abbas, Mujahid, Al-Hasan, Qatadah, and several other scholars.
Iyas bin Mu`awiyah said,
""The heaven is like a dome over the earth,""
meaning, without pillars.
Similar was reported from Qatadah, and this meaning is better for this part of the Ayah, especially since Allah said in another Ayah,
وَيُمۡسِكُ السَّمَأءَ أَن تَقَعَ عَلَى الاٌّرۡضِ إِلاَّ بِإِذۡنِهِ
He withholds the heaven from falling on the earth except by His permission. (22:65)
Therefore, Allah's statement,
تَرَوۡنَهَا
(...that you can see), affirms that there are no pillars. Rather, the heaven is elevated (above the earth) without pillars, as you see.
This meaning best affirms Allah's ability and power.
Al-Istawa', Rising above the Throne
Allah said next,
ثُمَّ اسۡتَوَى عَلَى الۡعَرۡشِ
Then, He rose above (Istawa) the Throne.
We explained the meaning of the Istawa' in Surah Al-A`raf (7:54), and stated that it should be accepted as it is without altering, equating, annulling its meaning, or attempts to explain its true nature. Allah is glorified and praised from all that they attribute to Him.
Allah subjected the Sun and the Moon to rotate continuously
Allah said,
وَسَخَّرَ الشَّمۡسَ وَالۡقَمَرَ
كُلٌّ يَجۡرِي لَاجَلٍ مُّسَمًّى
He has subjected the sun and the moon, each running (its course) for a term appointed.
It was said that the sun and the moon continue their course until they cease doing so upon the commencement of the Final Hour, as Allah stated,
وَالشَّمۡسُ تَجۡرِى لِمُسۡتَقَرٍّ لَّهَـا
And the sun runs on its fixed course for a term (appointed). (36:38)
It was also said that the meaning is:
until they settle under the Throne of Allah after passing the other side of the earth. So when they, and the rest of the planetary bodies reach there, they are at the furthest distance from the Throne. Because according to the correct view, which the texts prove, it is shaped like a dome, under which is all of the creation. It is not circular like the celestial bodies, because it has pillars by which it is carried. This fact is clear to those who correctly understand the Ayat and authentic Hadiths. All the (praise is due to) Allah and all the favors are from Him.
Allah mentioned the sun and the moon here because they are among the brightest seven heavenly objects. Therefore, if Allah subjected these to His power, then it is clear that He has also subjected all other heavenly objects.
يُدَبِّرُ الَامۡرَ
He manages and regulates all affairs;
Allah said in other Ayat,
لَا تَسۡجُدُواۡ لِلشَّمۡسِ وَلَا لِلۡقَمَرِ وَاسۡجُدُواۡ لِلَّهِ الَّذِى خَلَقَهُنَّ إِن كُنتُمۡ إِيَّاهُ تَعۡبُدُونَ
Prostrate yourselves not to the sun nor to the moon, but prostrate yourselves to Allah Who created them, if you (really) worship Him. (41:37)
and,
وَالشَّمۡسَ وَالۡقَمَرَ وَالنُّجُومَ مُسَخَّرَتٍ بِأَمۡرِهِ أَلَا لَهُ الۡخَلۡقُ وَالاٌّمۡرُ تَبَارَكَ اللَّهُ رَبُّ الۡعَـلَمِينَ
And (He created) the sun, the moon, the stars subjected to His command. Surely, His is the creation and commandment. Blessed is Allah, the Lord of all that exists! (7:54)
Allah's statement next,
يُفَصِّلُ الايَاتِ لَعَلَّكُم بِلِقَاء رَبِّكُمۡ تُوقِنُونَ
He explains the Ayat in detail, that you may believe with certainty in the Meeting with your Lord.
means, He explains the signs and clear evidences that testify that there is no deity worthy of worship except Him. These evidences prove that He will resurrect creation if He wills, just as He started it."
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