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Ayah
Word by Word
فَلَمَّا
So when
ٱسۡتَيۡـَٔسُواْ
they despaired
مِنۡهُ
of him
خَلَصُواْ
they secluded themselves
نَجِيّٗاۖ
(in) private consultation
قَالَ
Said
كَبِيرُهُمۡ
the eldest among them
أَلَمۡ
Do not
تَعۡلَمُوٓاْ
you know
أَنَّ
that
أَبَاكُمۡ
your father
قَدۡ
has taken
أَخَذَ
has taken
عَلَيۡكُم
upon you
مَّوۡثِقٗا
a promise
مِّنَ
by
ٱللَّهِ
Allah
وَمِن
and before
قَبۡلُ
and before
مَا
that
فَرَّطتُمۡ
you failed
فِي
concerning
يُوسُفَۖ
Yusuf
فَلَنۡ
So never
أَبۡرَحَ
will I leave
ٱلۡأَرۡضَ
the land
حَتَّىٰ
until
يَأۡذَنَ
permits
لِيٓ
me
أَبِيٓ
my father
أَوۡ
or
يَحۡكُمَ
Allah decides
ٱللَّهُ
Allah decides
لِيۖ
for me
وَهُوَ
and He
خَيۡرُ
(is) the Best
ٱلۡحَٰكِمِينَ
(of) the judges
فَلَمَّا
So when
ٱسۡتَيۡـَٔسُواْ
they despaired
مِنۡهُ
of him
خَلَصُواْ
they secluded themselves
نَجِيّٗاۖ
(in) private consultation
قَالَ
Said
كَبِيرُهُمۡ
the eldest among them
أَلَمۡ
Do not
تَعۡلَمُوٓاْ
you know
أَنَّ
that
أَبَاكُمۡ
your father
قَدۡ
has taken
أَخَذَ
has taken
عَلَيۡكُم
upon you
مَّوۡثِقٗا
a promise
مِّنَ
by
ٱللَّهِ
Allah
وَمِن
and before
قَبۡلُ
and before
مَا
that
فَرَّطتُمۡ
you failed
فِي
concerning
يُوسُفَۖ
Yusuf
فَلَنۡ
So never
أَبۡرَحَ
will I leave
ٱلۡأَرۡضَ
the land
حَتَّىٰ
until
يَأۡذَنَ
permits
لِيٓ
me
أَبِيٓ
my father
أَوۡ
or
يَحۡكُمَ
Allah decides
ٱللَّهُ
Allah decides
لِيۖ
for me
وَهُوَ
and He
خَيۡرُ
(is) the Best
ٱلۡحَٰكِمِينَ
(of) the judges
Translation
Now when they saw no hope of his (yielding), they held a conference in private. The leader among them said: "Know ye not that your father did take an oath from you in Allah's name, and how, before this, ye did fail in your duty with Joseph? Therefore will I not leave this land until my father permits me, or Allah commands me; and He is the best to command.
Tafsir
So when they despaired of [moving] him, they withdrew to confer privately [together] (najiyyan is a verbal noun that can be used to refer to one person or more, in other words [understand it as meaning] yunaajee ba'duhum ba'dan, 'one conferring with the other'). The most senior of them, in years - Reuben - or, [the most senior of them] in opinion - Judah, said: 'Are you not aware that your father has taken a solemn pledge, a covenant, from you by God, concerning your brother, and formerly (wa-min qablu maa: the maa is extra) you failed regarding Joseph? (but it [the maa] is also said to be relating to the verbal action, [in other words it is] a subject, the predicate of which is min qabl, 'formerly'). So I will never leave, part with, this land, the land of Egypt, until my father permits me, to return to him, or God judges for me, through the deliverance of my brother; and He is the best, the fairest, of judges.
"Yusuf's Brothers consult Each Other in Confidence; the Advice Their Eldest Brother gave Them
Allah tells:
فَلَمَّا اسۡتَيۡأَسُواۡ مِنۡهُ خَلَصُواۡ نَجِيًّا
So, when they despaired of him, they consulted in private.
Allah narrates to us that Yusuf's brothers were desperate because they could not secure the release of their brother Binyamin, even though they had given a promise and sworn to their father to bring him back. They were unable to fulfill their promise to their father, so,
خَلَصُو
(in private), away from people's eyes,
نَجِيًّا
(they consulted), among themselves,
قَالَ كَبِيرُ
The eldest among them said,
and his name, as we mentioned, was Rubil, or Yahudha. He was the one among them who recommended throwing Yusuf into a well, rather than killing him. So Rubil said to them,
هُمۡ أَلَمۡ تَعۡلَمُواۡ أَنَّ أَبَاكُمۡ قَدۡ أَخَذَ عَلَيۡكُم مَّوۡثِقًا مِّنَ اللّهِ
Know you not that your father did take an oath from you in Allah's Name,
that you will return Binyamin to him.
However, you were not able to fulfill this promise.
وَمِن قَبۡلُ مَا فَرَّطتُمۡ فِي يُوسُفَ
and before this you did fail in your duty with Yusuf.
فَلَنۡ أَبۡرَحَ الَارۡضَ
Therefore I will not leave this land,
I will not leave Egypt,
حَتَّىَ يَأۡذَنَ لِي أَبِي
until my father permits me,
allows me to go back to him while he is pleased with me,
أَوۡ يَحۡكُمَ اللّهُ لِي
or Allah decides my case,
by using the sword, or, they says; by allowing me to secure the release of my brother,
وَهُوَ خَيۡرُ الۡحَاكِمِينَ
and He is the Best of the judges.
He next ordered them to narrate to their father what happened so that they could present their excuse about that happened to Binyamin and as claim their innocence before him
ارۡجِعُواۡ إِلَى أَبِيكُمۡ فَقُولُواۡ يَا أَبَانَا إِنَّ ابۡنَكَ سَرَقَ
وَمَا شَهِدۡنَا إِلاَّ بِمَا عَلِمۡنَا
""Return to your father and say, `O our father! Verily, your son has stolen, and we testify not except according to what we know, and we could not know the Unseen!
Rubil said to them (to say to their father),
وَمَا كُنَّا لِلۡغَيۡبِ حَافِظِينَ
and we could not know the Unseen!
or, `we did not know that your son had committed theft,' according to Qatadah and Ikrimah.
Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam said that it means,
`we did not know that Binyamin stole something that belonged to the king, we only stated the punishment of the thief,
وَاسۡأَلِ الۡقَرۡيَةَ الَّتِي كُنَّا فِيهَا
And ask (the people of) the town where we have been,
in reference to Egypt, according to Qatadah, or another town.
وَالۡعِيۡرَ الَّتِي أَقۡبَلۡنَا فِيهَا
and the caravan in which we returned,
`about our truthfulness, honesty, protection and sincere guardianship,
وَإِنَّا لَصَادِقُونَ
and indeed we are telling the truth.
in what we have told you, that Binyamin stole and was taken as a captive as compensation for his theft.'"
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