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Ayah
Word by Word
فَبَدَأَ
So he began
بِأَوۡعِيَتِهِمۡ
with their bags
قَبۡلَ
before
وِعَآءِ
(the) bag
أَخِيهِ
(of) his brother
ثُمَّ
then
ٱسۡتَخۡرَجَهَا
he brought it out
مِن
from
وِعَآءِ
(the) bag
أَخِيهِۚ
(of) his brother
كَذَٰلِكَ
Thus
كِدۡنَا
(did) We plan
لِيُوسُفَۖ
for Yusuf
مَا
He could not
كَانَ
He could not
لِيَأۡخُذَ
take
أَخَاهُ
his brother
فِي
by
دِينِ
the law
ٱلۡمَلِكِ
(of) the king
إِلَّآ
except
أَن
that
يَشَآءَ
Allah willed
ٱللَّهُۚ
Allah willed
نَرۡفَعُ
We raise
دَرَجَٰتٖ
(in) degrees
مَّن
whom
نَّشَآءُۗ
We will
وَفَوۡقَ
but over
كُلِّ
every
ذِي
possessor
عِلۡمٍ
(of) knowledge
عَلِيمٞ
(is) the All-Knower
فَبَدَأَ
So he began
بِأَوۡعِيَتِهِمۡ
with their bags
قَبۡلَ
before
وِعَآءِ
(the) bag
أَخِيهِ
(of) his brother
ثُمَّ
then
ٱسۡتَخۡرَجَهَا
he brought it out
مِن
from
وِعَآءِ
(the) bag
أَخِيهِۚ
(of) his brother
كَذَٰلِكَ
Thus
كِدۡنَا
(did) We plan
لِيُوسُفَۖ
for Yusuf
مَا
He could not
كَانَ
He could not
لِيَأۡخُذَ
take
أَخَاهُ
his brother
فِي
by
دِينِ
the law
ٱلۡمَلِكِ
(of) the king
إِلَّآ
except
أَن
that
يَشَآءَ
Allah willed
ٱللَّهُۚ
Allah willed
نَرۡفَعُ
We raise
دَرَجَٰتٖ
(in) degrees
مَّن
whom
نَّشَآءُۗ
We will
وَفَوۡقَ
but over
كُلِّ
every
ذِي
possessor
عِلۡمٍ
(of) knowledge
عَلِيمٞ
(is) the All-Knower
Translation
So he began (the search) with their baggage, before (he came to) the baggage of his brother: at length he brought it out of his brother's baggage. Thus did We plan for Joseph. He could not take his brother by the law of the king except that Allah willed it (so). We raise to degrees (of wisdom) whom We please: but over all endued with knowledge is one, the All-Knowing.
Tafsir
And so he began with their sacks, and searched them, before his brother's sack, lest he be accused [of the theft]; then he pulled it, the drinking-cup, out of his brother's sack. God, exalted be He, says: Thus, [through such] contrivance, did We contrive for Joseph, [thus] We taught him how to devise a plot to take his brother; he, Joseph, could not have taken his brother, as a slave, on account of theft, according to the king's law, [according] to the laws of the king of Egypt - since his [a thief's] requital according to his law would have been a beating and a penalty of twice [the value of] the stolen item, but not enslavement - unless God willed, for him to be taken according to the law of his father [Jacob]; in other words, he was only able to take him with God's will, by God's inspiring him to ask his brothers [about the nature of requital] and their responding according to [what is decreed by] their customary practice. We raise by degrees whom We will (read with a genitive annexation, darajaati man nashaa', or [simply] with nunation, darajaatin man nashaa'), in terms of knowledge, as [We did] with Joseph; and above every man of knowledge, from among creatures, is one who knows better, better than him [and so on] until it ends with God, exalted be He.
"Yusuf had His Golden Bowl placed in Binyamin's Bag; a Plot to keep Him in Egypt
Allah tells:
فَلَمَّا جَهَّزَهُم بِجَهَازِهِمۡ جَعَلَ السِّقَايَةَ فِي رَحۡلِ أَخِيهِ
ثُمَّ أَذَّنَ مُوَذِّنٌ
So when he furnished them forth with their provisions, he put the bowl in his brother's bag. Then a crier cried:
After Yusuf supplied them with their provisions, he ordered some of his servants to place his silver bowl (in Binyamin's bag), according to the majority of scholars.
Some scholars said that the king's bowl was made from gold.
Ibn Zayd added that according to Ibn Abbas, Mujahid, Qatadah, Ad-Dahhak and Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd,
the king used it to drink from, and later, measured food grains with it since food became scarce in that time,
Shu`bah said that Abu Bishr narrated that Sa`id bin Jubayr said that Ibn Abbas said that;
the king's bowl was made from silver and he used it to drink with. Yusuf had the bowl placed in Binyamin's bag while they were unaware, and then had someone herald,
أَيَّتُهَا الۡعِيرُ إِنَّكُمۡ لَسَارِقُونَ
O you (in) the caravan! Surely, you are thieves
قَالُواۡ وَأَقۡبَلُواۡ عَلَيۡهِم
They, turning towards them, said:
They looked at the man who was heralding this statement and asked him,
مَّاذَا تَفۡقِدُونَ
قَالُواۡ نَفۡقِدُ صُوَاعَ الۡمَلِكِ
""What is it that you have lost""
They said:""We have lost the bowl of the king..."",
which he used to measure food grains,
وَلِمَن جَاء بِهِ حِمۡلُ بَعِيرٍ
and for him who produces it is a camel load;
as a reward,
وَأَنَاۡ بِهِ زَعِيمٌ
and I will be bound by it.
as assurance of delivery of the reward
After Yusuf's servants accused his brothers of theft,
قَالُواۡ تَاللّهِ لَقَدۡ عَلِمۡتُم مَّا جِيۡنَا لِنُفۡسِدَ فِي الَارۡضِ وَمَا كُنَّا سَارِقِينَ
They said:""By Allah! Indeed you know that we came not to make mischief in the land, and we are no thieves!
`Ever since you knew us, you, due to our good conduct, became certain that,
مَّا جِيۡنَا لِنُفۡسِدَ فِي الَارۡضِ وَمَا كُنَّا سَارِقِينَ
(we came not to make mischief in the land, and we are no thieves!).
They said, `Theft is not in our character, as you came to know.'
Yusuf's men said
قَالُواۡ فَمَا جَزَاوُهُ
They said:""What then shall be the penalty of him,
in reference to the thief, if it came out that he is one of you,
إِن كُنتُمۡ كَاذِبِينَ
if you are (proved to be) liars.
They asked them, `What should be the thief's punishment if he is one of you!'
قَالُواۡ جَزَاوُهُ مَن وُجِدَ فِي رَحۡلِهِ فَهُوَ جَزَاوُهُ كَذَلِكَ نَجۡزِي الظَّالِمِينَ
They said:""His penalty should be that he, in whose bag it is found, should be held for the punishment. Thus we punish the wrongdoers!""
This was the law of Prophet Ibrahim, peace be upon him, that the thief be given as a slave to the victim of theft. This is what Yusuf wanted, and this is why he started with their bags first before his brother's bag, to perfect the plot
فَبَدَأَ بِأَوۡعِيَتِهِمۡ قَبۡلَ وِعَاء أَخِيهِ
So he (Yusuf) began (the search) in their bags before the bag of his brother.
ثُمَّ اسۡتَخۡرَجَهَا مِن وِعَاء أَخِيهِ
Then he brought it out of his brother's bag.
Therefore, Yusuf took Binyamin as a slave according to their judgement and the law which they believed in.
So Allah said;
كَذَلِكَ كِدۡنَا لِيُوسُفَ
Thus did We plan for Yusuf.
and this is a good plot that Allah likes and prefers, because it seeks a certain benefit using wisdom and the benefit of all.
Allah said next,
مَا كَانَ لِيَأۡخُذَ أَخَاهُ فِي دِينِ الۡمَلِكِ
He could not take his brother by the law of the king,
as a captive, for this was not the law of king of Egypt, according to Ad-Dahhak and several other scholars.
Allah only allowed Yusuf to take his brother as a captive after his brothers agreed to this judgement beforehand, and he knew that this was their law.
إِلاَّ أَن يَشَاء اللّهُ
except that Allah willed it.
This is why Allah praised him when He said,
نَرۡفَعُ دَرَجَاتٍ مِّن نَّشَاء
We raise to degrees whom We will,
just as He said in another Ayah,
يَرۡفَعِ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواۡ مِنكُمۡ
Allah will exalt in degree those of you who believe. (58:11)
Allah said next,
وَفَوۡقَ كُلِّ ذِي عِلۡمٍ عَلِيمٌ
but over all those endowed with knowledge is the All-Knowing.
Al-Hasan commented,
""There is no knowledgeable person, but there is another person with more knowledge until it ends at Allah the Exalted and Most Honored.""
In addition, Abdur-Razzaq recorded that Sa`id bin Jubayr said, that we were with Ibn Abbas when he narrated an amazing Hadith.
A man in the audience said, `All praise is to Allah! There is an all-knowing above every person endowed with knowledge.'
Ibn Abbas responded, `Worse it is that which you said! Allah is the All-Knowing and His knowledge is above the knowledge of every knowledgeable person.'
Simak narrated that Ikrimah said that Ibn Abbas said about Allah's statement,
وَفَوۡقَ كُلِّ ذِي عِلۡمٍ عَلِيمٌ
(but over all those endowed with knowledge is the All-Knowing (Allah),
""This person has more knowledge than that person, and Allah is above all knowledgeable persons.""
Similar was narrated from Ikrimah.
Qatadah said,
""Over every person endowed with knowledge is a more knowledgeable person until all knowledge ends with Allah. Verily, knowledge started from Allah, and from Him the scholars learn, and to Him all knowledge returns.""
Abdullah bin Mas`ud read the Ayah this way,
وَفَوۡقَ كُلِّ عاَلِمٍ عَلِيمٌ
""And above every scholar, is the All-Knower (Allah)."
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