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Ayah
Word by Word
وَجَآءُو
And they brought
عَلَىٰ
upon
قَمِيصِهِۦ
his shirt
بِدَمٖ
with false blood
كَذِبٖۚ
with false blood
قَالَ
He said
بَلۡ
Nay
سَوَّلَتۡ
has enticed you
لَكُمۡ
has enticed you
أَنفُسُكُمۡ
your souls
أَمۡرٗاۖ
(to) a matter
فَصَبۡرٞ
so patience
جَمِيلٞۖ
(is) beautiful
وَٱللَّهُ
And Allah
ٱلۡمُسۡتَعَانُ
(is) the One sought for help
عَلَىٰ
against
مَا
what
تَصِفُونَ
you describe
وَجَآءُو
And they brought
عَلَىٰ
upon
قَمِيصِهِۦ
his shirt
بِدَمٖ
with false blood
كَذِبٖۚ
with false blood
قَالَ
He said
بَلۡ
Nay
سَوَّلَتۡ
has enticed you
لَكُمۡ
has enticed you
أَنفُسُكُمۡ
your souls
أَمۡرٗاۖ
(to) a matter
فَصَبۡرٞ
so patience
جَمِيلٞۖ
(is) beautiful
وَٱللَّهُ
And Allah
ٱلۡمُسۡتَعَانُ
(is) the One sought for help
عَلَىٰ
against
مَا
what
تَصِفُونَ
you describe
Translation
They stained his shirt with false blood. He said: "Nay, but your minds have made up a tale (that may pass) with you, (for me) patience is most fitting: Against that which ye assert, it is Allah (alone) Whose help can be sought"..
Tafsir
And they came with false blood on his shirt ('alaa qameesihi has the status of an accusative [of the verb], because it is an adverbial qualifier, meaning fawqa [qameesihi]): they slaughtered a lamb and dabbed it [his shirt] with its blood - but they forgot to tear it [the shirt] - and they said that it was his blood. He, Jacob, said, when he ﷺ that it [the shirt] was undamaged and realised that they were lying: 'Nay, but your souls have beguiled you into something, and so you did it to him. Yet comely patience!, without any anxiety! (fasabrun jameelun is the predicate of a missing subject such as amree, 'my course]'). And God is the One Whose succour is sought in that [predicament] which you describe', that which you mention of Joseph's affair.
"Yusuf is Rescued from the Well and sold as a Slave
Allah tells:
وَجَاءتۡ سَيَّارَةٌ فَأَرۡسَلُواۡ وَارِدَهُمۡ فَأَدۡلَى دَلۡوَهُ قَالَ يَا بُشۡرَى هَـذَا غُلَمٌ
And there came a caravan of travelers and they sent their water-drawer, and he let down his bucket (into the well). He said:""What good news! Here is a boy.""
Allah narrates what happened to Yusuf, peace be upon him, after his brothers threw him down the well and left him in it, alone, where he remained for three days, according to Abu Bakr bin Ayyash.
Muhammad bin Ishaq said,
""After Yusuf's brothers threw him down the well, they remained around the well for the rest of the day to see what he might do and what would happen to him. Allah sent a caravan of travelers that camped near that well, and they sent to it the man responsible for drawing water for them. When he approached the well, he lowered his bucket down into it, Yusuf held on to it and the man rescued him and felt happy,
بُشۡرَى هَـذَا غُلَمٌ
(What good news! Here is a boy).""
Allah's statement,
وَأَسَرُّوهُ بِضَاعَةً
So they hid him as merchandise,
Al-Awfi reported that Ibn Abbas commented,
""is in reference to Yusuf's brothers, who hid the news that he was their brother.
Yusuf hid this news for fear that his brothers might kill him and preferred to be sold instead.
Consequently, Yusuf's brothers told the water drawer about him and that man said to his companions,
بُشۡرَى هَـذَا غُلَمٌ
(""What good news! Here is a boy""), a slave whom we can sell. Therefore, Yusuf's own brothers sold him.""
Allah's statement,
وَاللّهُ عَلِيمٌ بِمَا يَعۡمَلُونَ
And Allah was the All-Knower of what they did.
states that Allah knew what Yusuf's brothers, and those who bought him, did. He was able to stop them and prevent them from committing their actions, but out of His perfect wisdom He decreed otherwise. He let them do what they did, so that His decision prevails and His appointed destiny rules,
أَلَا لَهُ الۡخَلۡقُ وَالاٌّمۡرُ تَبَارَكَ اللَّهُ رَبُّ الۡعَـلَمِينَ
Surely, His is the creation and commandment. Blessed is Allah, the Lord of the all that exists! (7:54)
This reminds Allah's Messenger Muhammad, that Allah has perfect knowledge in the persecution that his people committed against him and that He is able to stop them. However, He decided to give them respite, then give Muhammad the victory and make him prevail over them, just as He gave Yusuf victory and made him prevail over his brothers.
Allah said next
وَشَرَوۡهُ بِثَمَنٍ بَخۡسٍ دَرَاهِمَ مَعۡدُودَةٍ
And they sold him for a Bakhs price, - for a few Dirhams
in reference to Yusuf's brothers selling him for a little price, according to Mujahid and Ikrimah.
Bakhs' means decreased, just as Allah the Exalted said in another Ayah,
فَلَ يَخَافُ بَخۡساً وَلَا رَهَقاً
shall have no fear, either of a Bakhs (a decrease in the reward of his good deeds) or a Rahaq (an increase in the punishment for his sins). (72:13)
meaning that Yusuf's brothers exchanged him for a miserably low price. Yet, he was so insignificant to them that had the caravan people wanted him for free, they would have given him for free to them!
Ibn Abbas, Mujahid and Ad-Dahhak said that,
وَشَرَوۡهُ
(And they sold him), is in reference to Yusuf's brothers. They sold Yusuf for the lowest price, as indicated by Allah's statement next,
دَرَاهِمَ مَعۡدُودَةٍ
(for a few Dirhams),
twenty Dirhams, according to Abdullah bin Mas`ud.
Similar was said by Ibn Abbas, Nawf Al-Bikali, As-Suddi, Qatadah and Atiyah Al-Awfi, who added that they divided the Dirhams among themselves, each getting two Dirhams.
وَكَانُواۡ فِيهِ مِنَ الزَّاهِدِينَ
And they were of those who regarded him insignificant.
Ad-Dahhak commented on Allah's statement,
""Because they had no knowledge of his Prophethood and glorious rank with Allah, the Exalted and Most Honored."
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