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Ayah
Word by Word
حَتَّىٰٓ
Until
إِذَا
when
ٱسۡتَيۡـَٔسَ
gave up hope
ٱلرُّسُلُ
the Messengers
وَظَنُّوٓاْ
and thought
أَنَّهُمۡ
that they
قَدۡ
certainly
كُذِبُواْ
were denied
جَآءَهُمۡ
then came to them
نَصۡرُنَا
Our help
فَنُجِّيَ
and was saved
مَن
whom
نَّشَآءُۖ
We willed
وَلَا
And not
يُرَدُّ
(can) be repelled
بَأۡسُنَا
Our punishment
عَنِ
from
ٱلۡقَوۡمِ
the people
ٱلۡمُجۡرِمِينَ
(who are) criminals
حَتَّىٰٓ
Until
إِذَا
when
ٱسۡتَيۡـَٔسَ
gave up hope
ٱلرُّسُلُ
the Messengers
وَظَنُّوٓاْ
and thought
أَنَّهُمۡ
that they
قَدۡ
certainly
كُذِبُواْ
were denied
جَآءَهُمۡ
then came to them
نَصۡرُنَا
Our help
فَنُجِّيَ
and was saved
مَن
whom
نَّشَآءُۖ
We willed
وَلَا
And not
يُرَدُّ
(can) be repelled
بَأۡسُنَا
Our punishment
عَنِ
from
ٱلۡقَوۡمِ
the people
ٱلۡمُجۡرِمِينَ
(who are) criminals
Translation
(Respite will be granted) until, when the messengers give up hope (of their people) and (come to) think that they were treated as liars, there reaches them Our help, and those whom We will are delivered into safety. But never will be warded off our punishment from those who are in sin.
Tafsir
Until (hattaa indicates the end [result] indicated by [the previous statement] wa-maa arsalnaa min qablika illaa rijaalan, And We did not send before you [any messengers] save men [above, Q. 12:109]), that is, [to whom] Our support waned until, when the messengers despaired and thought, [when] the messengers were certain, that they were denied (read kudhdhiboo, to mean [that they were denied] to such an extent that [they believed that] there would not be any [possible acceptance of] faith thereafter; or read kudhiboo, to mean that the communities thought that their messengers had been lied to concerning the victory which they had been promised), Our help came to them and whomever We willed We delivered (read fa-nunajjee or fa-nunjee; or fa-nujjiya, as past tense, '[whomever We wished] was delivered'). And Our wrath, Our chastisement, cannot be averted from the sinning, the idolatrous, folk.
"Allah's Prophets are aided by Victory in Times of Distress and Need
Allah says:
حَتَّى إِذَا اسۡتَيۡأَسَ الرُّسُلُ وَظَنُّواۡ أَنَّهُمۡ قَدۡ كُذِبُواۡ جَاءهُمۡ نَصۡرُنَا فَنُجِّيَ مَن نَّشَاء
وَلَا يُرَدُّ بَأۡسُنَا عَنِ الۡقَوۡمِ الۡمُجۡرِمِينَ
(They were reprieved) until, when the Messengers gave up hope and thought that they were denied, then came to them Our help, and whomsoever We willed were rescued.
Allah states that He sends His aid and support to His Messengers, peace be upon them, when distress and hardship surround them and they eagerly await Allah's aid.
Allah said in another Ayah,
وَزُلۡزِلُواۡ حَتَّى يَقُولَ الرَّسُولُ وَالَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواۡ مَعَهُ مَتَى نَصۡرُ اللَّهِ
and were so shaken that even the Messenger and those who believed along with him said, ""When (will come) the help of Allah!"" (2:214)
As for saying of Allah,
كُذِبُواۡ
(they were denied),
There are two recitations for it.
One of them is with a Shadda (meaning:they were betrayed by their people).
And this is the way A'ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, recited it.
Al-Bukhari said that Urwah bin Az-Zubayr narrated that he asked Aishah about the meaning of the following verse,
حَتَّى إِذَا اسۡتَيۡأَسَ الرُّسُلُ
(`Until when the Messengers give up hope...),
Respite will be granted, is it denied or betrayed?
A'ishah replied, ""betrayed.""
Urwah said, ""I said, `They were sure that their people betrayed them, so why use the word `thought""?
She said, `Yes, they were sure that they betrayed them.'
I said,
وَظَنُّواۡ أَنَّهُمۡ قَدۡ كُذِبُواۡ
(and they thought that they were denied (by Allah))!
A'0ishah said, `Allah forbid! The Messengers did not suspect their Lord of such a thing.'
I asked, `So what does this Ayah mean?'
She said,
`This Verse is concerned with the Messengers' followers who had faith in their Lord and believed in their Messengers. The period of trials for those followers was long and Allah's help was delayed until the Messengers gave up hope for the conversion of the disbelievers amongst their nation and suspected that even their followers were shaken in their belief, Allah's help then came to them.""'
Ibn Jurayj narrated that Ibn Abi Mulaikah said that Ibn Abbas read this Ayah this way,
وَظَنُّواۡ أَنَّهُمۡ قَدۡ كُذِبُواۡ
and they thought they were denied.
Abdullah bin Abi Mulaikah said,
""Then Ibn Abbas said to me that they were humans. He then recited this Ayah,
حَتَّى يَقُولَ الرَّسُولُ وَالَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواۡ مَعَهُ مَتَى نَصۡرُ اللَّهِ أَلَا إِنَّ نَصۡرَ اللَّهِ قَرِيبٌ
even the Messenger and those who believed along with him said, ""When (will come) the help of Allah!""
Yes! Certainly, the help of Allah is near! (2:214)""
Ibn Jurayj also narrated that Ibn Abi Mulaykah said that Urwah narrated to him that;
Aishah did not agree to this and rejected it. She said,
""Nothing that Allah has promised Muhammad, peace be upon him, but Muhammad knew for certainty that it shall come, until he died. However, the Messengers were tried with trials until they thought that those believers, who were with them, did not fully support them.""
Ibn Abi Mulaykah said that Urwah narrated that Aishah recited this Ayah this way,
وَظَنُّواۡ أَنَّهُمۡ قَدۡ كُذَّبُواۡ
and they thought that they were betrayed.
Therefore, there is another way of reciting this word, and there is a difference of opinion about its meaning.
We narrated the meaning that Ibn Abbas gave.
Ibn Mas`ud said, as Sufyan Ath-Thawri narrated from him, that he read the Ayah this way,
حَتَّى إِذَا اسۡتَيۡأَسَ الرُّسُلُ وَظَنُّواۡ أَنَّهُمۡ قَدۡ كُذِبُواۡ
until, when the Messengers gave up hope and thought that they were denied.
Abdullah commented that this is the recitation that you dislike.
Ibn Abbas also commented on the Ayah,
حَتَّى إِذَا اسۡتَيۡأَسَ الرُّسُلُ وَظَنُّواۡ أَنَّهُمۡ قَدۡ كُذِبُواۡ
(until, when the Messengers gave up hope and thought that they were denied),
""When the Messengers gave up hope that their people would accept their messages, and their people thought that their Messengers had not said the truth to them, Allah's victory came then,
فَنُجِّيَ مَن نَّشَاء
(and whomsoever We willed were rescued).
Ibn Jarir At-Tabari narrated that Ibrahim bin Abi Hamzah (Hurrah) Al-Jazari said,
""A young man from Quraysh asked Sa'id bin Jubayr `O, Abu Abdullah! How do you read this word, for when I pass by it, I wish I had not read this Surah,
حَتَّى إِذَا اسۡتَيۡأَسَ الرُّسُلُ وَظَنُّواۡ أَنَّهُمۡ قَدۡ كُذِبُواۡ
until, when the Messengers gave up hope and thought that they were denied...
He said, `Yes, it means, when the Messengers gave up hope that their people will believe in them and those to whom the Messengers were sent thought that the Messengers were not truthful.""'
Ad-Dahhak bin Muzahim commented,
""I have not seen someone who is called to knowledge and is lazy accepting the invitation, until today! If you traveled to Yemen just to get this explanation, it will still be worth it.""
Ibn Jarir At-Tabari narrated that;
Muslim bin Yasar asked Sa`id bin Jubayr about the same Ayah and he gave the same response. Muslim stood up and embraced Sa'id bin Jubayr, saying, ""May Allah relieve a distress from you as you relieved a distress from me!""
This was reported from Sa'id bin Jubayr through various chains of narration.
This is also the Tafsir that Mujahid bin Jabr and several other Salaf scholars gave for this Ayah.
However, some scholars said that the Ayah,
وَظَنُّواۡ أَنَّهُمۡ قَدۡ كُذِبُواۡ
(and thought that they were denied),
is in reference to the believers who followed the Messengers, while some said it is in reference to the disbelievers among the Messengers' nation. In the latter case, the meaning becomes:
`and the disbelievers thought that the Messengers were not given a true promise of victory.'
Ibn Jarir At-Tabari narrated that Tamim bin Hadhlam said that I heard Abdullah bin Mas`ud comment on this Ayah,
حَتَّى إِذَا اسۡتَيۡأَسَ الرُّسُلُ
(until, when the Messengers gave up hope),
""their people will believe in them, and their people thought when the respite was long, that the Messengers were not given a true promise."
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