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Ayah
Word by Word
وَمَا
And not
يُؤۡمِنُ
believe
أَكۡثَرُهُم
most of them
بِٱللَّهِ
in Allah
إِلَّا
except
وَهُم
while they
مُّشۡرِكُونَ
associate partners with Him
وَمَا
And not
يُؤۡمِنُ
believe
أَكۡثَرُهُم
most of them
بِٱللَّهِ
in Allah
إِلَّا
except
وَهُم
while they
مُّشۡرِكُونَ
associate partners with Him
Translation
And most of them believe not in Allah without associating (other as partners) with Him!
Tafsir
And most of them do not believe in God, such that they might affirm that He is the Creator and the Sustainer, without ascribing partners, to Him, by worshipping idols; which is why, when crying their [ritual] response to God, they used to say: 'At Your service, no partner have You, save a partner that belongs to You; You possess him and all that he possesses', meaning it [when they said it].
"People neglect to ponder the Signs before Them
Allah says;
وَكَأَيِّن مِّن ايَةٍ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالَارۡضِ يَمُرُّونَ عَلَيۡهَا وَهُمۡ عَنۡهَا مُعۡرِضُونَ
And how many a sign in the heavens and the earth they pass by, while they are averse therefrom.
Allah states that most people do not think about His signs and proofs of His Oneness that He created in the heavens and earth.
Allah created brilliant stars and rotating heavenly objects and planets, all made subservient. There are many plots of fertile land next to each other on earth, and gardens, solid mountains, lively oceans, with their waves smashing against each other, and spacious deserts. There are many live creatures and others that have died; and animals, plants and fruits that are similar in shape, but different in taste, scent, color and attributes.
All praise is due to Allah the One and Only, Who created all types of creations, Who Alone will remain and last forever. It is He Who is unique in His Names and Attributes.
Allah said next,
وَمَا يُوۡمِنُ أَكۡثَرُهُمۡ بِاللّهِ إِلاَّ وَهُم مُّشۡرِكُونَ
And most of them believe not in Allah except that they attribute partners unto Him.
Ibn Abbas commented,
""They have a part of faith, for when they are asked, `Who created the heavens? Who created the earth? Who created the mountains?' They say, `Allah did.' Yet, they associate others with Him in worship.""
Similar is said by Mujahid, Ata, Ikrimah, Ash-Sha`bi, Qatadah, Ad-Dahhak and Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam.
In the Sahih, it is recorded that;
during the Hajj season, the idolators used to say in their Talbiyah:""Here we rush to Your service. You have no partners with You, except a partner with You whom You own but he owns not!""
Allah said in another Ayah,
إِنَّ الشِّرۡكَ لَظُلۡمٌ عَظِيمٌ
Verily, joining others in worship with Allah is a great Zulm (wrong) indeed. (31:13)
This indeed is the greatest type of Shirk, associating others with Allah in worship.
It is recorded in the Two Sahihs that Abdullah bin Mas`ud said,
""I said, `O Allah's Messenger! What is the greatest sin?'
He said,
أَنۡ تَجۡعَلَ للهِ نِدًّا وَهُوَ خَلَقَك
That you call a rival to Allah while He alone created you.""
Al-Hasan Al-Basri commented on Allah's statement,
وَمَا يُوۡمِنُ أَكۡثَرُهُمۡ بِاللّهِ إِلاَّ وَهُم مُّشۡرِكُونَ
(And most of them believe not in Allah except that they attribute partners unto Him),
""This is the hypocrite; if he performs good deeds, he does so to show off with the people, and he is an idolator while doing this.""
Al-Hasan was referring to Allah's statement,
إِنَّ الۡمُنَـفِقِينَ يُخَـدِعُونَ اللَّهَ وَهُوَ خَادِعُهُمۡ وَإِذَا قَامُواۡ إِلَى الصَّلَوةِ قَامُواۡ كُسَالَى يُرَاءُونَ النَّاسَ وَلَا يَذۡكُرُونَ اللَّهَ إِلاَّ قَلِيلً
Verily, the hypocrites seek to deceive Allah, but it is He Who deceives them. And when they stand up for As-Salah, they stand with laziness and to be seen of men, and they do not remember Allah but little. (4:142)
There is another type of hidden Shirk that most people are unaware of.
Hammad bin Salamah narrated that Asim bin Abi An-Najud said that Urwah said,
""Hudhayfah visited an ill man and ﷺ a rope tied around his arm, so he ripped it off while reciting,
وَمَا يُوۡمِنُ أَكۡثَرُهُمۡ بِاللّهِ إِلاَّ وَهُم مُّشۡرِكُونَ
(And most of them believe not in Allah except that they attribute partners unto Him).
In a Hadith, from Ibn Umar collected by At-Tirmidhi who said it was Hasan, the Prophet said,
مَنۡ حَلَفَ بِغَيۡرِ اللهِ فَقَدۡ أَشۡرَك
He who swears by other than Allah, commits Shirk.
Imam Ahmad, Abu Dawud and other scholars of Hadith narrated that Abdullah bin Mas`ud said that the Messenger of Allah said,
إِنَّ الرُّقَى وَالتَّمَايِمَ وَالتِّوَلَةَ شِرۡك
Verily, Ar-Ruqa, At-Tama'im and At-Tiwalah are all acts of Shirk.
In another narration collected by Ahmad and Abu Dawud, the Prophet said,
الطِّيَرَةُ شِرۡكٌ وَمَا مِنَّا إِلاَّ وَلَكِنَّ اللهَ يُذۡهِبُهُ بِالتَّوَكُّل
Verily, At-Tiyarah (omen) is Shirk; everyone might feel a glimpse of it, but Allah dissipates it with Tawakkul.""
Allah said next
أَفَأَمِنُواۡ أَن تَأۡتِيَهُمۡ غَاشِيَةٌ مِّنۡ عَذَابِ اللّهِ
Do they then feel secure from the coming against them of the covering veil of the torment of Allah!
Allah asks, `Do these idolators who associate others with Allah in the worship, feel secure from the coming of an encompassing torment from where they perceive not!'
أَوۡ تَأۡتِيَهُمُ السَّاعَةُ بَغۡتَةً وَهُمۡ لَا يَشۡعُرُونَ
or of the coming against them of the (Final) Hour, all of a sudden while they perceive not!
Allah said in other Ayat,
أَفَأَمِنَ الَّذِينَ مَكَرُواۡ السَّيِّيَاتِ أَن يَخۡسِفَ اللَّهُ بِهِمُ الاٌّرۡضَ أَوۡ يَأۡتِيَهُمُ الۡعَذَابُ مِنۡ حَيۡثُ لَا يَشۡعُرُونَ
أَوۡ يَأۡخُذَهُمۡ فِى تَقَلُّبِهِمۡ فَمَا هُم بِمُعۡجِزِينَ
أَوۡ يَأۡخُذَهُمۡ عَلَى تَخَوُّفٍ فَإِنَّ رَبَّكُمۡ لَرَوُوفٌ رَّحِيمٌ
Do then those who devise evil plots feel secure that Allah will not sink them into the earth, or that the torment will not seize them from directions they perceive not! Or that He may catch them in the midst of their going to and from, so that there be no escape for them (from Allah's punishment)! Or that He may catch them with gradual wasting (of their wealth and health)!
Truly, Your Lord is indeed full of kindness, Most Merciful. (16:45-47)
and,
أَفَأَمِنَ أَهۡلُ الۡقُرَى أَن يَأۡتِيَهُم بَأۡسُنَا بَيَـتاً وَهُمۡ نَأيِمُونَ
أَوَ أَمِنَ أَهۡلُ الۡقُرَى أَن يَأۡتِيَهُمۡ بَأۡسُنَا ضُحًى وَهُمۡ يَلۡعَبُونَ
أَفَأَمِنُواۡ مَكۡرَ اللَّهِ فَلَ يَأۡمَنُ مَكۡرَ اللَّهِ إِلاَّ الۡقَوۡمُ الۡخَـسِرُونَ
Did the people of the towns then feel secure against the coming of Our punishment by night while they were asleep! Or, did the people of the towns then feel secure against the coming of Our punishment in the forenoon while they were playing! Did they then feel secure against the plan of Allah!
None feels secure from the plan of Allah except the people who are the losers. (7:97-99)"
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