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Ayah
Word by Word
وَٱمۡرَأَتُهُۥ
And his wife
قَآئِمَةٞ
(was) standing
فَضَحِكَتۡ
and she laughed
فَبَشَّرۡنَٰهَا
Then We gave her glad tidings
بِإِسۡحَٰقَ
of Ishaq
وَمِن
and after
وَرَآءِ
and after
إِسۡحَٰقَ
Isaac
يَعۡقُوبَ
(of) Yaqub
وَٱمۡرَأَتُهُۥ
And his wife
قَآئِمَةٞ
(was) standing
فَضَحِكَتۡ
and she laughed
فَبَشَّرۡنَٰهَا
Then We gave her glad tidings
بِإِسۡحَٰقَ
of Ishaq
وَمِن
and after
وَرَآءِ
and after
إِسۡحَٰقَ
Isaac
يَعۡقُوبَ
(of) Yaqub
Translation
And his wife was standing (there), and she laughed: But we gave her glad tidings of Isaac, and after him, of Jacob.
Tafsir
And his wife, that is, Abraham's wife, Sarah, standing by, serving them, laughed, at the good tiding of their destruction; and so We gave her the good tiding of Isaac, and, after Isaac, of Jacob, his son, whom she would live to see.
"The Coming of the Angels to Ibrahim and Their Glad Tidings to Him of Ishaq and Yaqub
Allah, the Exalted, says,
وَلَقَدۡ جَاءتۡ رُسُلُنَا
And verily, there came Our messengers,
The word ""messengers"" here means angels.
إِبۡرَاهِيمَ بِالۡبُـشۡرَى
to Ibrahim with the glad tidings.
It has been said that the word ""the glad tidings"" means, ""Receive the glad tidings of Ishaq.""
Others have said that it means,
""The destruction of the people of Prophet Lut.""
The proof of the correctness of the first view is in Allah's statement,
فَلَمَّا ذَهَبَ عَنۡ إِبۡرَهِيمَ الرَّوۡعُ وَجَأءَتۡهُ الۡبُشۡرَى يُجَـدِلُنَا فِى قَوۡمِ لُوطٍ
Then when the fear had gone away from (the mind of) Ibrahim, and the glad tidings had reached him, he began to plead with Us for the people of Lut. (11:74)
قَالُواۡ سَلَمًا قَالَ سَلَمٌ
They said:""Salaman.""
He answered, ""Salamun.""
This means, ""Upon you.""
The scholars of explanation have said,
""Ibrahim's reply of `Salamun' was better than that with which they had greeted him with, because the subjective case (Salamun instead of Salaman) alludes to affirmation and eternity. ""
فَمَا لَبِثَ أَن جَاء بِعِجۡلٍ حَنِيذٍ
and he hastened to entertain them with a roasted calf.
This means that he (Ibrahim) left with haste in order to bring them food, as a host. The food that he brought was a calf.
The word Hanidh means roasted upon heated stones. This meaning has been reported from Ibn Abbas, Qatadah and others.
This is as Allah has said in other verses,
فَرَاغَ إِلَى أَهۡلِهِ فَجَأءَ بِعِجۡلٍ سَمِينٍ
فَقَرَّبَهُ إِلَيۡهِمۡ قَالَ أَلَا تَأۡكُلُونَ
Then he turned to his household, and brought out a roasted calf. And placed it before them (saying):""Will you not eat!"" (51:26-27)
This verse contains many aspects of the etiquettes of hosting guests
فَلَمَّا رَأَى أَيۡدِيَهُمۡ لَا تَصِلُ إِلَيۡهِ نَكِرَهُمۡ
But when he ﷺ their hands went not towards it (the meal), he mistrusted them,
This means that he felt estranged from them.
وَأَوۡجَسَ مِنۡهُمۡ خِيفَةً
and conceived a fear of them.
This is because angels are not concerned with food. They do not desire it, nor do they eat it. Therefore, when Ibrahim ﷺ them reject the food that he had brought them, without tasting any of it at all, he felt a mistrust of them.
وَأَوۡجَسَ مِنۡهُمۡ خِيفَةً
(and conceived a fear of them).
As-Suddi said,
""When Allah sent the angels to the people of Lut, they set out walking in the form of young men, until they came to Ibrahim and they were hosted by him. When Ibrahim ﷺ them, he rushed to host them.
فَرَاغَ إِلَى أَهۡلِهِ فَجَأءَ بِعِجۡلٍ سَمِينٍ
Then he turned to his household, and brought out a roasted calf. (51:26)
He slaughtered it (the calf), roasted it on hot stones and brought it to them. Then, he sat down with them. when he placed it before them. (saying):`Will you not eat?'
They said, `O Ibrahim! Verily, we do not eat food without a price.'
Ibrahim then said, `Verily, this food has a price.'
They said, `What is its price?'
He said, `You must mention the Name of Allah over it before eating it and praise Allah upon finishing it.'
Jibril then looked at Mikhail and said, `This man has the right that his Lord should take him as an intimate friend.'
فَلَمَّا رَأَى أَيۡدِيَهُمۡ لَا تَصِلُ إِلَيۡهِ نَكِرَهُمۡ
But when he ﷺ their hands went not towards it (the meal), he mistrusted them,
When Ibrahim ﷺ that they were not eating, he became scared and frightened by them. Then, when Sarah looked and ﷺ that he was honoring them, she began to serve them and she was laughing. She said, `What amazing guests we have. We serve them ourselves, showing them respect and they do not eat our food.""'
Then, concerning Allah's statement about the angels,
قَالُواۡ لَا تَخَفۡ
They said:""Fear not,""
They were saying, ""Do not be afraid of us. Verily, we are angels sent to the people of Lut in order to destroy them.""
إِنَّا أُرۡسِلۡنَا إِلَى قَوۡمِ لُوطٍ
we have been sent against the people of Lut.""
وَامۡرَأَتُهُ قَأيِمَةٌ فَضَحِكَتۡ فَبَشَّرۡنَاهَا بِإِسۡحَقَ
And his wife was standing (there), and she laughed. But We gave her glad tidings of Ishaq,
Then, Sarah laughed in delight of the good news of their destruction. This is because they had caused much corruption and their disbelief was severe. For this reason, she was rewarded with the glad tidings of a son, even after her despair.
Concerning Allah's statement,
وَمِن وَرَاء إِسۡحَقَ يَعۡقُوبَ
and after Ishaq, of Yaqub.
This means that the son that she was going to have would have a son (her grandson) who would succeed him and beget many children. For verily, Yaqub was the son of Ishaq, just as Allah says in Surah Al-Baqarah,
أَمۡ كُنتُمۡ شُهَدَاءَ إِذۡ حَضَرَ يَعۡقُوبَ الۡمَوۡتُ إِذۡ قَالَ لِبَنِيهِ مَا تَعۡبُدُونَ مِن بَعۡدِى قَالُواۡ نَعۡبُدُ إِلَـهَكَ وَإِلَـهَ ابَأيِكَ إِبۡرَهِيمَ وَإِسۡمَـعِيلَ وَإِسۡحَـقَ إِلَـهًا وَاحِدًا وَنَحۡنُ لَهُ مُسۡلِمُونَ
Or were you witnesses when death approached Yaqub! When he said unto his sons, ""What will you worship after me!""
They said, ""We shall worship your God, the God of your fathers, Ibrahim, Ismail, Ishaq, One God, and to him we submit."" (2:133)
From this point in this verse there is an evidence for those who say that Ismail was the son of Ibrahim who was to be sacrificed. It could not have been Ishaq, because the glad tidings were given that he would have a son born to him named Yaqub. So how could Ibrahim be commanded to sacrifice him when he was a small child and there had not been born to him a child yet, named Yaqub, who was promised!
The promise of Allah is true and there is no breaking of Allah's promise. Therefore, it is not possible that Ibrahim was to sacrifice this child (Ishaq) with the condition being as it was. This makes it clear that Ismail was the son that was to be sacrificed and this is the best, most correct and clearest evidence of that.
And all praise is due to Allah
قَالَتۡ يَا وَيۡلَتَى أَأَلِدُ وَأَنَاۡ عَجُوزٌ وَهَـذَا بَعۡلِي شَيۡخًا
She said (in astonishment):""Woe unto me! Shall I bear a child while I am an old woman, and here is my husband an old man!""
Allah speaks of her statement in this verse, just as He spoke of her action in another verse.
فَأَقۡبَلَتِ امۡرَأَتُهُ فِى صَرَّةٍ فَصَكَّتۡ وَجۡهَهَا وَقَالَتۡ عَجُوزٌ عَقِيمٌ
Then his wife came forward with a loud voice:she smote her face, and said:""A barren old woman!"" (51:29)
This was the custom of the women in their speech and actions when they were expressing amazement.
إِنَّ هَـذَا لَشَيۡءٌ عَجِيبٌ
Verily, this is a strange thing!""
The angels said;
قَالُواۡ أَتَعۡجَبِينَ مِنۡ أَمۡرِ اللّهِ
Then said:""Do you wonder at the decree of Allah!""
This means that the angels were saying to her, ""Do not be amazed at the command of Allah, for verily, whenever He wants something, He merely says `Be' and it is. So do not be amazed at this, even though you are old and barren and your husband is a very old man. Verily, Allah is able to do whatever He wills.""
رَحۡمَتُ اللّهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ عَلَيۡكُمۡ أَهۡلَ الۡبَيۡتِ
The mercy of Allah and His blessing be on you, O the family (of Ibrahim).
إِنَّهُ حَمِيدٌ مَّجِيدٌ
Surely, He (Allah) is All-Praiseworthy, All-Glorious.
This means that He is the Most Praiseworthy in all of His actions and statements. He is praised and glorified in His Attributes and His Self.
For this reason, it is confirmed in the two Sahihs that they (the Prophet's Companions) said,
""Verily, we already know how to greet you with Salam (peace), but how do we send Salah (prayer) upon you, O Messenger of Allah?""
He said,
قُولُوا
Say,
اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَى الِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا صَلَّيۡتَ عَلَى إِبۡرَاهِيمَ وَالِ إبۡرَاهِيمَ
وَبَارِكۡ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَى الِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا بَارَكۡتَ عَلَى الِ إِبۡرَاهِيمَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيد
O Allah, send prayers upon Muhammad and the family of Muhammad, just as You have sent prayers upon Ibrahim and the family of Ibrahim.
And bless Muhammad and the family of Muhammad, just as You have blessed the family of Ibrahim. Truly, You are the All-Praiseworthy, All-Glorious."
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