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Ayah
Word by Word
قُلۡ
Say
أَرَءَيۡتُمۡ
Do you see
إِنۡ
if
أَتَىٰكُمۡ
comes to you
عَذَابُهُۥ
His punishment
بَيَٰتًا
(by) night
أَوۡ
or
نَهَارٗا
(by) day
مَّاذَا
what (portion)
يَسۡتَعۡجِلُ
of it would (wish to) hasten
مِنۡهُ
of it would (wish to) hasten
ٱلۡمُجۡرِمُونَ
the criminals
قُلۡ
Say
أَرَءَيۡتُمۡ
Do you see
إِنۡ
if
أَتَىٰكُمۡ
comes to you
عَذَابُهُۥ
His punishment
بَيَٰتًا
(by) night
أَوۡ
or
نَهَارٗا
(by) day
مَّاذَا
what (portion)
يَسۡتَعۡجِلُ
of it would (wish to) hasten
مِنۡهُ
of it would (wish to) hasten
ٱلۡمُجۡرِمُونَ
the criminals
Translation
Say: "Do ye see,- if His punishment should come to you by night or by day,- what portion of it would the sinners wish to hasten?
Tafsir
Say: 'Have you considered?, [Say] inform me: If His, God's, chastisement comes upon you by night or day, what, part, is there of it, that is, [of] the chastisement, that the sinners, the idolaters, seek to hasten? (an overt noun [al-mujrimoon, 'the sinners'] has replaced the [second person, 'you'] pronominalisation. The interrogative sentence is the response to the conditional, as [in the case where] you might say, 'If I come to you, what would you give me?'; the intention here is to provoke terror [in them], in other words: how awful is that which they seek to hasten!)
"The Deniers of the Day of Resurrection wish to hasten its Coming and their Response
Allah tells;
وَيَقُولُونَ مَتَى هَـذَا الۡوَعۡدُ إِن كُنتُمۡ صَادِقِينَ
And they say:""When will be this promise (the torment or the Day of Resurrection), if you speak the truth""
Allah told us about the idolators who reject faith through their demand that the punishment be hastened, inquiring about the time of punishment. The response to such question is not inherently beneficial, yet they inquired anyway.
Allah said:
يَسۡتَعۡجِلُ بِهَا الَّذِينَ لَا يُوۡمِنُونَ بِهَا وَالَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواۡ مُشۡفِقُونَ مِنۡهَا وَيَعۡلَمُونَ أَنَّهَا الۡحَقُّ
Those who believe not therein seek to hasten it, while those who believe are fearful of it, and know that it is the very truth. (42:18)
They know that it is the truth for it is definitely going to happen. It is going to take place even if they have no idea when it will occur. This is why Allah instructed His Messenger to answer them saying
قُل لاَّ أَمۡلِكُ لِنَفۡسِي ضَرًّا وَلَا نَفۡعًا
Say:""I have no power over any harm or profit to myself.""
I will not say except what He has taught me. I also have no authority over anything that Allah has not shown to me. I am Allah's servant and His Messenger to you. I was told that the Hour is going to come, but He has not told me when it will occur.
إِلاَّ مَا شَاء اللّهُ
except what Allah may will.
لِكُلِّ أُمَّةٍ أَجَلٌ
For every Ummah, there is a term appointed;
meaning that for every generation or community there is a set term appointed for them.
إِذَا جَاء أَجَلُهُمۡ
when their term comes,
When the end of that term approaches,
فَلَ يَسۡتَأۡخِرُونَ سَاعَةً وَلَا يَسۡتَقۡدِمُونَ
neither can they delay it nor can they advance it an hour (or a moment).
This is similar to what Allah said in another Ayah:
وَلَن يُوَخِّرَ اللَّهُ نَفۡساً إِذَا جَأءَ أَجَلُهَأ
And Allah grants respite to none when his appointed time (death) comes. (63:11)
Allah instructed His Messenger to tell the people that His punishment would come suddenly. He said:
قُلۡ أَرَأَيۡتُمۡ إِنۡ أَتَاكُمۡ عَذَابُهُ بَيَاتًا أَوۡ نَهَارًا مَّاذَا يَسۡتَعۡجِلُ مِنۡهُ الۡمُجۡرِمُونَ أَثُمَّ إِذَا مَا وَقَعَ امَنۡتُم بِهِ الانَ وَقَدۡ كُنتُم بِهِ تَسۡتَعۡجِلُونَ
Say:""Tell me, if His torment should come to you by night or by day, which portion thereof would the criminals hasten on Is it then that when it has actually befallen, you will believe in it What! Now (you believe) And you used (aforetime) to hasten it on!""
When the punishment befalls them, they will say:
رَبَّنَأ أَبۡصَرۡنَا وَسَمِعۡنَا
""Our Lord! We have now seen and heard."" (32:12)
Allah also said:
فَلَمَّا رَأَوۡاۡ بَأۡسَنَا قَالُواۡ ءَامَنَّا بِاللَّهِ وَحۡدَهُ وَكَـفَرۡنَا بِمَا كُنَّا بِهِ مُشۡرِكِينَ
فَلَمۡ يَكُ يَنفَعُهُمۡ إِيمَـنُهُمۡ لَمَّا رَأَوۡاۡ بَأۡسَنَا سُنَّةَ اللَّهِ الَّتِى قَدۡ خَلَتۡ فِى عِبَادِهِ وَخَسِرَ هُنَالِكَ الۡكَـفِرُونَ
So when they ﷺ Our punishment, they said:""We believe in Allah alone and reject (all) that we used to associate with Him as (His) partners.
Then their faith could not avail them when they ﷺ Our punishment. (Like) this has been the way of Allah in dealing with His servants. And there the disbelievers lost utterly (when Our torment covered them)."" (40:84-85)
ثُمَّ قِيلَ لِلَّذِينَ ظَلَمُواۡ ذُوقُواۡ عَذَابَ الۡخُلۡدِ
Then it will be said to them who wronged themselves:""Taste you the everlasting torment!""
This will be said to them on the Day of Resurrection, blaming and rebuking them. As Allah said in another Ayah:
يَوۡمَ يُدَعُّونَ إِلَى نَارِ جَهَنَّمَ دَعًّا
هَـذِهِ النَّارُ الَّتِى كُنتُم بِهَا تُكَذِّبُونَ
أَفَسِحۡرٌ هَـذَا أَمۡ أَنتُمۡ لَا تُبۡصِرُونَ
اصۡلَوۡهَا فَاصۡبِرُواۡ أَوۡ لَا تَصۡبِرُواۡ سَوَاءٌ عَلَيۡكُمۡ إِنَّمَا تُجۡزَوۡنَ مَا كُنتُمۡ تَعۡمَلُونَ
The Day when they will be pushed down by force to the fire of Hell, with a horrible, forceful pushing. This is the Fire that you used to belie. Is this magic or do you not see Taste you therein its heat and whether you are patient of it or impatient of it, it is all the same. You are only being requited for what you used to do. (52:13-16)
هَلۡ تُجۡزَوۡنَ إِلاَّ بِمَا كُنتُمۡ تَكۡسِبُونَ
Are you recompensed (aught) save what you used to earn!"
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