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Ayah
Word by Word
هُوَ
He
ٱلَّذِي
(is) the One Who
جَعَلَ
made
ٱلشَّمۡسَ
the sun
ضِيَآءٗ
a shining light
وَٱلۡقَمَرَ
and the moon
نُورٗا
a reflected light
وَقَدَّرَهُۥ
and determined for it
مَنَازِلَ
phases
لِتَعۡلَمُواْ
that you may know
عَدَدَ
(the) number
ٱلسِّنِينَ
(of) the years
وَٱلۡحِسَابَۚ
and the count (of time)
مَا
Not
خَلَقَ
created
ٱللَّهُ
Allah
ذَٰلِكَ
that
إِلَّا
except
بِٱلۡحَقِّۚ
in truth
يُفَصِّلُ
He explains
ٱلۡأٓيَٰتِ
the Signs
لِقَوۡمٖ
for a people
يَعۡلَمُونَ
(who) know
هُوَ
He
ٱلَّذِي
(is) the One Who
جَعَلَ
made
ٱلشَّمۡسَ
the sun
ضِيَآءٗ
a shining light
وَٱلۡقَمَرَ
and the moon
نُورٗا
a reflected light
وَقَدَّرَهُۥ
and determined for it
مَنَازِلَ
phases
لِتَعۡلَمُواْ
that you may know
عَدَدَ
(the) number
ٱلسِّنِينَ
(of) the years
وَٱلۡحِسَابَۚ
and the count (of time)
مَا
Not
خَلَقَ
created
ٱللَّهُ
Allah
ذَٰلِكَ
that
إِلَّا
except
بِٱلۡحَقِّۚ
in truth
يُفَصِّلُ
He explains
ٱلۡأٓيَٰتِ
the Signs
لِقَوۡمٖ
for a people
يَعۡلَمُونَ
(who) know
Translation
It is He who made the sun a shining light and the moon a derived light and determined for it phases - that you may know the number of years and account [of time]. Allāh has not created this except in truth. He details the signs for a people who know.
Tafsir
He it is Who made the sun a radiance, that is, emitting light, and the moon a light, and determined it, with respect to its movement, in stations: 28 stations in 28 nights every month, becoming concealed for two nights when a particular month has 30 days, or [concealed] for one night, when it has 29 days, so that you might know, thereby, the number of the years and the reckoning. God did not create that, which is mentioned, save in truth, not in vain, exalted be He above such things. He details (read yufassilu or nufassilu, 'We detail') the signs for a people who know, who reflect.
"Everything is a Witness to the Power of Allah
Allah tells;
هُوَ الَّذِي جَعَلَ الشَّمْسَ ضِيَاء وَالْقَمَرَ نُورًا
It is He Who made the sun a shining thing and the moon as a light,
Allah tells us about the signs He created that are indicative of His complete power and great might. He made the rays that come forth from the bright sun as the source of light, and made the beams that come forth from the moon as light. He made them of two different natures so they would not be confused with one another. Allah made the dominion of the sun in the daytime and the moon in the night. He ordained phases for the moon, where it starts small then its light increases until it completes a full moon. Then it begins to decrease until it returns to its first phase at the conclusion of the month.
Allah said:
وَالْقَمَرَ قَدَّرْنَـهُ مَنَازِلَ حَتَّى عَادَ كَالعُرجُونِ الْقَدِيمِ
لَا الشَّمْسُ يَنبَغِى لَهَأ أَن تدْرِكَ القَمَرَ وَلَا الَّيْلُ سَابِقُ النَّهَارِ وَكُلٌّ فِى فَلَكٍ يَسْبَحُونَ
And the moon, We have measured for it mansions (to traverse) till it returns like the old dried curved date stalk. It is not for the sun to overtake the moon, nor does the night outstrip the day. They all float, each in an orbit. (36:39-40)
And He said:
وَالشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ حُسْبَاناً
And the sun and the moon for counting. (6:96)
And in this Ayah He said:
وَقَدَّرَهُ
and measured,
that is the moon,
Allah said:
وَقَدَّرَهُ
مَنَازِلَ لِتَعْلَمُواْ عَدَدَ السِّنِينَ وَالْحِسَابَ
And measured out for it stages that you might know the number of years and the reckoning.
The days are revealed by the action of the sun, and the months and the years by the moon.
Allah then stated
مَا خَلَقَ اللّهُ ذَلِكَ إِلاَّ بِالْحَقِّ
..
Allah did not create this but in truth.
He didn't create that for amusement but with great wisdom and perfect reasoning.
With a similar meaning, Allah said:
وَمَا خَلَقْنَا السَّمَأءَ وَالاٌّرْضَ وَمَا بَيْنَهُمَا بَـطِلً ذَلِكَ ظَنُّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ فَوَيْلٌ لِّلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ مِنَ النَّارِ
And We created not the heaven and the earth and all that is between them without purpose! That is the consideration of those who disbelieve! Then woe to those who disbelieve from the Fire! (38:27)
He also said:
أَفَحَسِبْتُمْ أَنَّمَا خَلَقْنَـكُمْ عَبَثاً وَأَنَّكُمْ إِلَيْنَا لَا تُرْجَعُونَ
فَتَعَـلَى اللَّهُ الْمَلِكُ الْحَقُّ لَا إِلَـهَ إِلاَّ هُوَ رَبُّ الْعَرْشِ الْكَرِيمِ
""Did you think that We had created you in play (without any purpose), and that you would not be brought back to Us!""
So Exalted be Allah, the True King:None has the right to be worshipped but He, the Lord of the Supreme Throne! (23:115-116)
Allah said:
.
يُفَصِّلُ الايَاتِ لِقَوْمٍ يَعْلَمُونَ
He explains the Ayat in detail for people who have knowledge.
In other words, He explained the signs and proofs for people who know.
Allah further stated
إِنَّ فِي اخْتِلَفِ اللَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ
Verily, in the alternation of the night and the day,
The day and the night alternate, when one arrives, the other goes, and so on, with no errors.
This is similar to the meaning indicated in the following Ayat:
يُغْشِى الَّيْلَ النَّهَارَ يَطْلُبُهُ حَثِيثًا
He brings the night as a cover over the day, seeking it rapidly....
لَا الشَّمْسُ يَنبَغِى لَهَأ أَن تدْرِكَ القَمَرَ
It is not for the sun to overtake the moon. (36:40)
and,
فَالِقُ الاِصْبَاحِ وَجَعَلَ الَّيْلَ سَكَناً
(He is the) Cleaver of the daybreak. He has appointed the night for resting. (6:96)
Allah continued:
وَمَا خَلَقَ اللّهُ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالَارْضِ
and in all that Allah has created in the heavens and the earth,
meaning the signs that indicate His greatness.
This is similar to Allah's statements:
وَكَأَيِّن مِّن ءَايَةٍ فِى السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرْضِ
And how many a sign in the heavens and the earth... (12:105)
قُلِ انظُرُواْ مَاذَا فِى السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرْضِ وَمَا تُغْنِى الايَـتُ وَالنُّذُرُ عَن قَوْمٍ لاَّ يُوْمِنُونَ
""Say:""Behold all that is in the heavens and the earth,"" but neither Ayat nor warners benefit those who believe not. (10:101)
أَفَلَمْ يَرَوْاْ إِلَى مَا بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَمَا خَلْفَهُمْ مِّنَ السَّمَأءِ وَالاٌّرْضِ
See they not what is before them and what is behind them, of the heaven and the earth. (34:9)
إِنَّ فِى خَلْقِ السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرْضِ وَاخْتِلَـفِ الَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ لاّيَـتٍ لاٌّوْلِى الاٌّلْبَـبِ
Verily, in the creation of the heavens and the earth, and in the alternation of night and day, there are indeed signs for men of understanding. (3:190)
means intelligent men.
Allah said here,
لاايَاتٍ لِّقَوْمٍ يَتَّقُونَ
Ayat for those who have Taqwa.
meaning fear Allah's punishment, wrath and torment."
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