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Ayah
Word by Word
وَلَوۡ
And if
يُعَجِّلُ
hastens
ٱللَّهُ
(by) Allah
لِلنَّاسِ
for the mankind
ٱلشَّرَّ
the evil
ٱسۡتِعۡجَالَهُم
(as) He hastens for them
بِٱلۡخَيۡرِ
the good
لَقُضِيَ
surely, would have been decreed
إِلَيۡهِمۡ
for them
أَجَلُهُمۡۖ
their term
فَنَذَرُ
But We leave
ٱلَّذِينَ
those who
لَا
(do) not
يَرۡجُونَ
expect
لِقَآءَنَا
the meeting with Us
فِي
in
طُغۡيَٰنِهِمۡ
their transgression
يَعۡمَهُونَ
wandering blindly
وَلَوۡ
And if
يُعَجِّلُ
hastens
ٱللَّهُ
(by) Allah
لِلنَّاسِ
for the mankind
ٱلشَّرَّ
the evil
ٱسۡتِعۡجَالَهُم
(as) He hastens for them
بِٱلۡخَيۡرِ
the good
لَقُضِيَ
surely, would have been decreed
إِلَيۡهِمۡ
for them
أَجَلُهُمۡۖ
their term
فَنَذَرُ
But We leave
ٱلَّذِينَ
those who
لَا
(do) not
يَرۡجُونَ
expect
لِقَآءَنَا
the meeting with Us
فِي
in
طُغۡيَٰنِهِمۡ
their transgression
يَعۡمَهُونَ
wandering blindly
Translation
If Allah were to hasten for men the ill (they have earned) as they would fain hasten on the good,- then would their respite be settled at once. But We leave those who rest not their hope on their meeting with Us, in their trespasses, wandering in distraction to and fro.
Tafsir
When the idolaters sought to hasten [their] chastisement, the following was revealed: And if God should hasten for mankind evil as they would hasten good, their term [of life] would already have been concluded for them (read as the passive, with nominative ajaluhum [sc. la-qudiya ajaluhum]; or read as the active with accusative ajalahum [sc. la-qadaa ajalahum, 'He would have already concluded their term']), by His destroying them, but He gives them respite. But We leave those, who do not expect to encounter Us, to wander blindly in their insolence, hesistant and perplexed.
"Allah does not respond to the Requests for Evil like He does with the Requests for Good
Allah tells;
وَلَوۡ يُعَجِّلُ اللّهُ لِلنَّاسِ الشَّرَّ اسۡتِعۡجَالَهُم بِالۡخَيۡرِ لَقُضِيَ إِلَيۡهِمۡ أَجَلُهُمۡ فَنَذَرُ الَّذِينَ لَا يَرۡجُونَ لِقَاءنَا فِي طُغۡيَانِهِمۡ يَعۡمَهُونَ
And were Allah to hasten for mankind the evil as He hastens for them the good then they would have been ruined. So We leave those who expect not their meeting with Us, in their trespasses, wandering blindly in distraction.
Allah tells us about His Forbearance and Benevolence with His servants. He does not respond to them when they pray with evil intentions against themselves, their wealth or their children during times of grief or anger. He knows that they do not truly intend evil for themselves so He doesn't respond to them. This is in reality kindness and mercy. On the other hand, He responds to them when they pray for themselves, wealth and money, with good, blessing and growth.
Allah has said,
وَلَوۡ يُعَجِّلُ اللّهُ لِلنَّاسِ الشَّرَّ اسۡتِعۡجَالَهُم بِالۡخَيۡرِ لَقُضِيَ إِلَيۡهِمۡ أَجَلُهُمۡ
And were Allah to hasten for mankind the evil as He hastens for them the good then they would have been ruined.
This means that if He had responded to all of their evil requests, He would have destroyed them. However, people should avoid praying for evil as much as they can.
Abu Bakr Al-Bazzar recorded in his Musnad that Jabir said,
""Allah's Messenger said:
لَاا تَدۡعُوا عَلَى أَنۡفُسِكُمۡ لَاا تَدۡعُوا عَلَى أَوۡلَاادِكُمۡ لَاا تَدۡعُوا عَلَى أَمۡوَالِكُمۡ لَاا تُوَافِقُوا مِنَ اللهِ سَاعَةً فِيهَا إِجَابَةٌ فَيَسۡتَجِيبَ لَكُم
Do not pray against yourselves, do not pray against your children, do not pray against your wealth, for your prayer may coincide with a time of response from Allah and Allah will respond to you.""
This Hadith was also recorded by Abu Dawud.
This is similar to what is understood from the following Ayah:
وَيَدۡعُ الاِنۡسَـنُ بِالشَّرِّ دُعَأءَهُ بِالۡخَيۡرِ
And man invokes (Allah) for evil as he invokes (Allah) for good. (17:11)
In regard to the interpretation of this Ayah,
وَلَوۡ يُعَجِّلُ اللّهُ لِلنَّاسِ الشَّرَّ اسۡتِعۡجَالَهُم بِالۡخَيۡرِ
(And were Allah to hasten for mankind the evil as He hastens for them the good), Mujahid said:
""It is the man saying to his son or money when he is angry, `O Allah don't bless him (or it) and curse him (or it).' Should Allah respond to this man in this request as He responds to him with good, He would destroy them."
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