Al-A'raf: 160

Ayah

Word by Word

وَقَطَّعۡنَٰهُمُ

And We divided them

ٱثۡنَتَيۡ

(into) two

عَشۡرَةَ

(and) ten [i.e. twelve]

أَسۡبَاطًا

tribes

أُمَمٗاۚ

(as) communities

وَأَوۡحَيۡنَآ

And We inspired

إِلَىٰ

مُوسَىٰٓ

Musa

إِذِ

when

ٱسۡتَسۡقَىٰهُ

asked him for water

قَوۡمُهُۥٓ

his people

أَنِ

[that]

ٱضۡرِب

Strike

بِّعَصَاكَ

with your staff

ٱلۡحَجَرَۖ

the stone

فَٱنۢبَجَسَتۡ

Then gushed forth

مِنۡهُ

from it

ٱثۡنَتَا

two

عَشۡرَةَ

(and) ten [i.e. twelve]

عَيۡنٗاۖ

springs

قَدۡ

Certainly

عَلِمَ

knew

كُلُّ

each

أُنَاسٖ

people

مَّشۡرَبَهُمۡۚ

their drinking place

وَظَلَّلۡنَا

And We shaded

عَلَيۡهِمُ

[on] them

ٱلۡغَمَٰمَ

(with) the clouds

وَأَنزَلۡنَا

and We sent down

عَلَيۡهِمُ

upon them

ٱلۡمَنَّ

the manna

وَٱلسَّلۡوَىٰۖ

and the quails

كُلُواْ

Eat

مِن

from

طَيِّبَٰتِ

(the) good things

مَا

which

رَزَقۡنَٰكُمۡۚ

We have provided you

وَمَا

And not

ظَلَمُونَا

they wronged Us

وَلَٰكِن

but

كَانُوٓاْ

they were

أَنفُسَهُمۡ

(to) themselves

يَظۡلِمُونَ

doing wrong

Translation

We divided them into twelve tribes or nations. We directed Moses by inspiration, when his (thirsty) people asked him for water: "Strike the rock with thy staff": out of it there gushed forth twelve springs: Each group knew its own place for water. We gave them the shade of clouds, and sent down to them manna and quails, (saying): "Eat of the good things We have provided for you": (but they rebelled); to Us they did no harm, but they harmed their own souls.

Tafsir

"Muhammad's Message is Universal

Allah says to His Prophet and Messenger Muhammad,

قُلۡ

Say, (O Muhammad),

يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ

O mankind!

this is directed to mankind red and black, and the Arabs and non-Arabs alike,

إِنِّي رَسُولُ اللّهِ إِلَيۡكُمۡ جَمِيعًا

I am sent to you all as the Messenger of Allah,

This Ayah mentions the Prophet's honor and greatness, for he is the Final Prophet who was sent to all mankind (and the Jinns).

Allah said,

قُلِ اللَّهِ شَهِيدٌ بِيۡنِى وَبَيۡنَكُمۡ وَأُوحِىَ إِلَىَّ هَـذَا الۡقُرۡءَانُ لاٌّنذِرَكُمۡ بِهِ وَمَن بَلَغَ

Say, ""Allah is Witness between you and I; this Qur'an has been revealed to me that I may therewith warn you and whomsoever it may reach."" (6:19)

وَمَن يَكۡفُرۡ بِهِ مِنَ الاٌّحۡزَابِ فَالنَّارُ مَوۡعِدُهُ

but those of the sects that reject it, the Fire will be their promised meeting place. (11:17)

and,

وَقُلۡ لِّلَّذِينَ أُوتُواۡ الۡكِتَـبَ وَالاٍّمِّيِّينَ ءَأَسۡلَمۡتُمۡ فَإِنۡ أَسۡلَمُواۡ فَقَدِ اهۡتَدَواۡ وَّإِن تَوَلَّوۡاۡ فَإِنَّمَا عَلَيۡكَ الۡبَلَـغُ

And say to those who were given the Scripture and to the illiterates (Arab pagans):""Do you (also) submit yourselves (to Allah in Islam)!"" If they do, they are rightly guided; but if they turn away, your duty is only to convey the Message. (3:20)

There are many other Ayat and more Hadiths than can be counted on this subject. It is also well-known in our religion that the Messenger of Allah was sent to all mankind (and the Jinns).

Al-Bukhari recorded that Abu Ad-Darda' said,

""Abu Bakr and Umar had an argument in which Abu Bakr made Umar angry. So Umar went away while angry and Abu Bakr followed him asking him to forgive him, but Umar refused. Umar shut his door closed in Abu Bakr's face and Abu Bakr went to the Messenger of Allah while we were with him. The Messenger of Allah said,

أَمَّا صَاحِبُكُمۡ هَذَا فَقَدۡ غَامَر

This fellow of yours (Abu Bakr) has made someone angry!

Umar became sorry for what he did, went to the Prophet and greeted him with the Salam and sat next to him, telling him what had happened. The Messenger of Allah became angry (at Umar), and realizing that, Abu Bakr said, `O Allah's Messenger! It was me who was unjust.'

The Messenger of Allah said,

هَلۡ أَنۡتُمۡ تَارِكُو لِي صَاحِبِي إِنِّي قُلۡتُ يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنِّي رَسُولُ اللهِ إِلَيۡكُمۡ جَمِيعًا فَقُلۡتُمۡ كَذَبۡتَ وَقَالَ أَبُو بَكۡرٍ صَدَقۡت

Will you leave my Companion (Abu Bakr) alone! I said, `O People! I am the Messenger of Allah to you all,' and you said, `You lie,' but Abu Bakr declared, `You said the truth.""'

Al-Bukhari recorded it.

Imam Ahmad recorded that Ibn Abbas said that the Messenger of Allah said,

أُعۡطِيتُ خَمۡسًا لَمۡ يُعۡطَهُنَّ نَبِيٌّ قَبۡلِي وَلَا أَقُولُهُ فَخۡرًا

بُعِثۡتُ إِلَى النَّاسِ كَافَّةً الاَۡحۡمَرِ وَالاَۡسۡوَدِ وَنُصِرۡتُ بِالرُّعۡبِ مَسِيرَةَ شَهۡرٍ

وَأُحِلَّتۡ لِي الۡغَنَايِمُ وَلَمۡ تَحِلَّ لاِأَحَدٍ قَبۡلِي

وَجُعِلَتۡ لِيَ الاَۡرۡضُ مَسۡجِدًا وَطَهُورًا

وَأُعۡطِيتُ الشَّفَاعَةَ فَأَخَّرۡتُهَا لاِأُمَّتِي يَوۡمَ الۡقِيَامَةِ فَهِيَ لِمَنۡ لَاأ يُشۡرِكُ بِاللهِ شَيۡيًا

I have been given five things which were not given to any Prophet before me, and I do not say it out of pride.

I was sent to all mankind (their) black and white alike.

Allah made me victorious by fright, (by His frightening my enemies) for a distance of one month's journey.

The spoils of war are lawful for me, yet it was not lawful for anyone else before me.

The earth has been made for me (and for my followers) a place for praying and a thing to perform purification with.

I have been given the Shafa'ah (right of intercession), and I saved it for my Ummah on the Day of Resurrection. Therefore, the Shafa'ah will reach those who associate none with Allah in worship.

This Hadith's chain of narration is suitable, but the Two Sahihs did not record it.

Allah's statement,

الَّذِي لَهُ مُلۡكُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالَارۡضِ لا إِلَـهَ إِلاَّ هُوَ يُحۡيِـي وَيُمِيتُ

to Whom belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth. None has the right to be worshipped but He. It is He Who gives life and causes death.

describes Allah by the words of the Messenger that He Who has sent him is the Creator, Lord and King of all things and in His Hand is the control, life, death and the decision.

Just as Allah said

فَأمِنُواۡ بِاللّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ النَّبِيِّ الاُمِّيِّ

So believe in Allah and His Messenger, the Prophet who can neither read nor write,

Allah proclaims here that Muhammad is His Messenger and reiterates this fact by commanding that he be believed in and followed. Allah said,

النَّبِيِّ الاُمِّيِّ

(The Prophet who can neither read nor write) who you were promised and given the good news of in previous revealed books. Certainly, Muhammad was amply described in the previous books, including his description as being the unlettered Prophet.

Allah's statement,

الَّذِي يُوۡمِنُ بِاللّهِ وَكَلِمَاتِهِ

who believes in Allah and His Words,

means, his actions conform with his words and he believes in what he was given from his Lord.

وَاتَّبِعُوهُ

And follow him,

embrace his path and guidance,

لَعَلَّكُمۡ تَهۡتَدُونَ

so that you may be guided, (to the Straight Path)

Allah says;

وَمِن قَوۡمِ مُوسَى أُمَّةٌ يَهۡدُونَ بِالۡحَقِّ وَبِهِ يَعۡدِلُونَ

And of the people of Musa there is a community who lead (the men) with truth and establish justice therewith.

Allah stated that of the Children of Israel there are some who follow the truth and judge by it, just as He said in other Ayat,

مِّنۡ أَهۡلِ الۡكِتَـبِ أُمَّةٌ قَأيِمَةٌ يَتۡلُونَ ءَايَـتِ اللَّهِ ءَانَأءَ الَّيۡلِ وَهُمۡ يَسۡجُدُونَ

A party of the people of the Scripture stand for the right, they recite the verses of Allah during the hours of the night, prostrating themselves in prayer. (3:113)

وَإِنَّ مِنۡ أَهۡلِ الۡكِتَـبِ لَمَن يُوۡمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَمَأ أُنزِلَ إِلَيۡكُمۡ وَمَأ أُنزِلَ إِلَيۡهِمۡ خَـشِعِينَ للَّهِ لَا يَشۡتَرُونَ بِـَايَـتِ اللَّهِ ثَمَناً قَلِيلً أُوۡلـيِكَ لَهُمۡ أَجۡرُهُمۡ عِندَ رَبِّهِمۡ إِنَّ اللَّهَ سَرِيعُ الۡحِسَابِ

And there are, certainly, among the People of the Scripture, those who believe in Allah and in that which has been revealed to you, and in that which has been revealed to them, humbling themselves before Allah. They do not sell the verses of Allah for a small price, for them is a reward with their Lord. Surely, Allah is Swift in account. (3:199)

الَّذِينَ ءَاتَيۡنَـهُمُ الۡكِتَـبَ مِن قَبۡلِهِ هُم بِهِ يُوۡمِنُونَ

وَإِذَا يُتۡلَى عَلَيۡهِمۡ قَالُواۡ ءَامَنَّا بِهِ إِنَّهُ الۡحَقُّ مِن رَّبِّنَأ إنَّا كُنَّا مِن قَبۡلِهِ مُسۡلِمِينَ

أُوۡلَـيِكَ يُوۡتُونَ أَجۡرَهُم مَّرَّتَيۡنِ بِمَا صَبَرُواۡ

Those to whom We gave the Scripture before it, they believe in it (the Qur'an). And when it is recited to them, they say:""We believe in it. Verily, it is the truth from our Lord. Indeed even before it we have been from those who submit themselves. These will be given their reward twice over, because they are patient. (28:52-54)

and,

قُلۡ ءَامِنُواۡ بِهِ أَوۡ لَا تُوۡمِنُواۡ إِنَّ الَّذِينَ أُوتُواۡ الۡعِلۡمَ مِن قَبۡلِهِ إِذَا يُتۡلَى عَلَيۡهِمۡ يَخِرُّونَ لِلٌّذۡقَانِ سُجَّدًا

وَيَقُولُونَ سُبۡحَانَ رَبِّنَأ إِن كَانَ وَعۡدُ رَبِّنَا لَمَفۡعُولاً

وَيَخِرُّونَ لِلٌّذۡقَانِ يَبۡكُونَ وَيَزِيدُهُمۡ خُشُوعًا

Verily, those who were given knowledge before it, when it (this Qur'an) is recited to them, fall down on their faces in humble prostration. And they say:""Glory be to our Lord! Truly, the promise of our Lord must be fulfilled."" And they fall down on their faces weeping and it increases their humility. (17:107-109)

Allah says;

وَقَطَّعۡنَاهُمُ اثۡنَتَيۡ عَشۡرَةَ أَسۡبَاطًا أُمَمًا وَأَوۡحَيۡنَا إِلَى مُوسَى إِذِ اسۡتَسۡقَاهُ قَوۡمُهُ أَنِ اضۡرِب بِّعَصَاكَ الۡحَجَرَ فَانبَجَسَتۡ مِنۡهُ اثۡنَتَا عَشۡرَةَ عَيۡنًا قَدۡ عَلِمَ كُلُّ أُنَاسٍ مَّشۡرَبَهُمۡ وَظَلَّلۡنَا عَلَيۡهِمُ الۡغَمَامَ وَأَنزَلۡنَا عَلَيۡهِمُ الۡمَنَّ وَالسَّلۡوَى كُلُواۡ مِن طَيِّبَاتِ مَا رَزَقۡنَاكُمۡ

وَمَا ظَلَمُونَا وَلَـكِن كَانُواۡ أَنفُسَهُمۡ يَظۡلِمُونَ

And We divided them into twelve tribes (as distinct) nations. We revealed to Musa when his people asked him for water (saying):""Strike the stone with your stick,"" and there gushed forth out of it twelve springs, each group knew its own place for water. We shaded them with the clouds and sent down upon them the manna and the quail (saying):""Eat of the good things with which We have provided you."" They harmed Us not but they used to harm themselves.

وَإِذۡ قِيلَ لَهُمُ اسۡكُنُواۡ هَـذِهِ الۡقَرۡيَةَ وَكُلُواۡ مِنۡهَا حَيۡثُ شِيۡتُمۡ وَقُولُواۡ حِطَّةٌ وَادۡخُلُواۡ الۡبَابَ سُجَّدًا نَّغۡفِرۡ لَكُمۡ خَطِييَاتِكُمۡ

سَنَزِيدُ الۡمُحۡسِنِينَ

And (remember) when it was said to them:""Dwell in this town (Jerusalem) and eat therefrom wherever you wish, and say, `(O Allah) forgive our sins'; and enter the gate prostrating (bowing with humility). We shall forgive you your wrongdoings. We shall increase (the reward) for the good-doers.""

فَبَدَّلَ الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُواۡ مِنۡهُمۡ قَوۡلاً غَيۡرَ الَّذِي قِيلَ لَهُمۡ

فَأَرۡسَلۡنَا عَلَيۡهِمۡ رِجۡزًا مِّنَ السَّمَاء بِمَا كَانُواۡ يَظۡلِمُونَ

But those among them who did wrong, changed the word that had been told to them. So We sent on them a torment from the heaven in return for their wrongdoings.

We discussed these Ayat in Surah Al-Baqarah, which was revealed in Al-Madinah, while these Ayat were revealed in Makkah.

We also mentioned the difference between the two narrations, and thus we do not need to repeat it here, all thanks are due to Allah and all the favors are from Him."

Al-A'raf: 160

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