Al-Jumu'ah: 5

Ayah

Word by Word

مَثَلُ

(The) likeness

ٱلَّذِينَ

(of) those who

حُمِّلُواْ

were entrusted

ٱلتَّوۡرَىٰةَ

(with) the Taurat

ثُمَّ

then

لَمۡ

not

يَحۡمِلُوهَا

they bore it

كَمَثَلِ

(is) like

ٱلۡحِمَارِ

the donkey

يَحۡمِلُ

who carries

أَسۡفَارَۢاۚ

books

بِئۡسَ

Wretched is

مَثَلُ

(the) example

ٱلۡقَوۡمِ

(of) the people

ٱلَّذِينَ

who

كَذَّبُواْ

deny

بِـَٔايَٰتِ

(the) Signs

ٱللَّهِۚ

(of) Allah

وَٱللَّهُ

And Allah

لَا

(does) not

يَهۡدِي

guide

ٱلۡقَوۡمَ

the people

ٱلظَّـٰلِمِينَ

the wrongdoers

Translation

The similitude of those who were charged with the (obligations of the) Mosaic Law, but who subsequently failed in those (obligations), is that of a donkey which carries huge tomes (but understands them not). Evil is the similitude of people who falsify the Signs of Allah: and Allah guides not people who do wrong.

Tafsir

Admonishing the Jews and challenging Them to wish for Death

Allah the Exalted says,

مَثَلُ الَّذِينَ حُمِّلُوا التَّوۡرَاةَ ثُمَّ لَمۡ يَحۡمِلُوهَا كَمَثَلِ الۡحِمَارِ يَحۡمِلُ أَسۡفَارًا

The likeness of those who were entrusted with the Tawrah, but did not carry it, is as the likeness of a donkey which carries huge burdens of books.

Allah the Exalted admonishes the Jews who were entrusted with the Tawrah and were ordered to abide by it.

However, they did not abide by it, and this is why Allah resembled them to the donkey that carries volumes of books. Surely, when the donkey carries books, it will not understand what these books contain because it is only carrying these books using its strength.

This is the example of those who were entrusted with the Tawrah; they read its letter but did not understand its meanings nor abided by them. Rather, they even corrupted and changed the Tawrah. Therefore, they are worse than the donkey, because the donkey cannot understand. They, on the other hand, could have understood using their minds, but their minds were of no benefit.

This is why Allah the Exalted said in another Ayah,

أُوۡلَـيِكَ كَالَانۡعَـمِ بَلۡ هُمۡ أَضَلُّ أُوۡلَـيِكَ هُمُ الۡغَـفِلُونَ

They are like cattle, nay even more astray; those! They are the heedless. (7:179),

and said,

بِيۡسَ مَثَلُ الۡقَوۡمِ الَّذِينَ كَذَّبُوا بِأيَاتِ اللَّهِ

وَاللَّهُ لَاا يَهۡدِي الۡقَوۡمَ الظَّالِمِينَ

How bad is the example of people who deny the Ayat of Allah? And Allah does not guide the people who are wrongdoers.

Allah the Exalted said,

قُلۡ يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ هَادُوا إِن زَعَمۡتُمۡ أَنَّكُمۡ أَوۡلِيَاء لِلَّهِ مِن دُونِ النَّاسِ فَتَمَنَّوُا الۡمَوۡتَ إِن كُنتُمۡ صَادِقِينَ

Say:

O you Jews! If you pretend that you are friends of Allah, to the exclusion of other people, then long for death if you are truthful.

meaning, `if you claim that you are on the correct guidance and that Muhammad and his Companions are being led astray, then invoke Allah to bring death to the misguided group among the two, if you are truthful in your claim.'

Allah said

وَلَا يَتَمَنَّوۡنَهُ أَبَدًا بِمَا قَدَّمَتۡ أَيۡدِيهِمۡ

But they will never long for it, because of what their hands have sent before them!

meaning because of the disbelief, injustice and sins that they commit,

وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ بِالظَّالِمِينَ

And Allah knows well the wrongdoers.

We mentioned this challenge to the Jews before in Surah Al-Baqarah, where Allah said,

قُلۡ إِن كَانَتۡ لَكُمُ الدَّارُ الاٌّخِرَةُ عِندَ اللَّهِ خَالِصَةً مِّن دُونِ النَّاسِ فَتَمَنَّوُاۡ الۡمَوۡتَ إِن كُنۡتُمۡ صَـدِقِينَ

وَلَن يَتَمَنَّوۡهُ أَبَدًا بِمَا قَدَّمَتۡ أَيۡدِيهِمۡ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ بِالظَّـلِمينَ

وَلَتَجِدَنَّهُمۡ أَحۡرَصَ النَّاسِ عَلَى حَيَوةٍ وَمِنَ الَّذِينَ أَشۡرَكُواۡ يَوَدُّ أَحَدُهُمۡ لَوۡ يُعَمَّرُ أَلۡفَ سَنَةٍ وَمَا هُوَ بِمُزَحۡزِحِهِ مِنَ الۡعَذَابِ أَن يُعَمَّرَ وَاللَّهُ بَصِيرٌ بِمَا يَعۡمَلُونَ

Say:

If the home of the Hereafter with Allah is indeed for you specially and not for others, of mankind, then long for death if you are truthful.

But they will never long for it because of what their hands have sent forth before them. And Allah is Aware of the wrongdoers.

And verily, you will find them the greediest of mankind for life and (even greedier) than those who ascribe partners to Allah. One of them wishes that he could be given a life of a thousand years. But the grant of such life will not save him even a little from punishment. And Allah is Seer of what they do. (2:94-96)

We explained these meanings there, stating that the challenge was for the Jews to invoke Allah to destroy the misguided group, either they or their enemies.

We also mentioned a similar challenge against the Christians in Surah Al `Imran,

فَمَنۡ حَأجَّكَ فِيهِ مِن بَعۡدِ مَا جَأءَكَ مِنَ الۡعِلۡمِ فَقُلۡ تَعَالَوۡاۡ نَدۡعُ أَبۡنَأءَنَا وَأَبۡنَأءَكُمۡ وَنِسَأءَنَا وَنِسَأءَكُمۡ وَأَنفُسَنَا وأَنفُسَكُمۡ ثُمَّ نَبۡتَهِلۡ فَنَجۡعَل لَّعۡنَتُ اللَّهِ عَلَى الۡكَـذِبِينَ

Then whoever disputes with you concerning him (`Isa) after (all this) knowledge that has come to you, say:Come, let us call our sons and your sons, our women and your women, ourselves and yourselves -- then we pray and invoke the curse of Allah upon those who lie. (3:61)

and against the idolators, in Surah Maryam,

قُلۡ مَن كَانَ فِى الضَّلَـلَةِ فَلۡيَمۡدُدۡ لَهُ الرَّحۡمَـنُ مَدّاً

Say whoever is in error, the Most Gracious will extend (circumstances) for him. (19:75)

Imam Ahmad, may Allah be pleased with him recorded that Ibn Abbas said,

Abu Jahl, may Allah curse him, said, `If I see Muhammad praying at the Ka`bah, I will step on his neck.'

When the Prophet heard of that, he said,

لَوۡ فَعَلَ لَاَخَذَتۡهُ الۡمَلَيِكَةُ عَيَانًا

وَلَوۡ أَنَّ الۡيَهُودَ تَمَنَّوُا الۡمَوۡتَ لَمَاتُوا وَرَأَوۡا مَقَاعِدَهُمۡ مِنَ النَّارِ

وَلَوۡ خَرَجَ الَّذِينَ يُبَاهِلُونَ رَسُولَ اللهِ

صلى الله عليه وسلّم لَرَجَعُوا لَا يَجِدُونَ أَهۡلً وَلَا مَالاً

Had he done so, the angels would have snatched him away in public.

Had the Jews wished for death, they would all have perished and ﷺ their seats in Hellfire.

Had those accepted for invoking the curse of Allah with Allah's Messenger, they would not have found families or property when they returned home.

Al-Bukhari, At-Tirmidhi and An-Nasa'i recorded it.

His saying;

قُلۡ إِنَّ الۡمَوۡتَ الَّذِي تَفِرُّونَ مِنۡهُ فَإِنَّهُ مُلَقِيكُمۡ ثُمَّ تُرَدُّونَ إِلَى عَالِمِ الۡغَيۡبِ وَالشَّهَادَةِ فَيُنَبِّيُكُم بِمَا كُنتُمۡ تَعۡمَلُونَ

Say:

Verily, the death from which you flee will surely meet you, then you will be sent back to the Knower of the unseen and the seen, and He will inform you about what you used to do.

is like His saying in Surah An-Nisa':

أَيۡنَمَا تَكُونُواۡ يُدۡرِككُّمُ الۡمَوۡتُ وَلَوۡ كُنتُمۡ فِى بُرُوجٍ مُّشَيَّدَةٍ

Wheresoever you may be, death will overtake you even if you are in fortresses built up strong and high.