Al-An'am: 151

Ayah

Word by Word

قُلۡ

Say

تَعَالَوۡاْ

Come

أَتۡلُ

I will recite

مَا

what

حَرَّمَ

has prohibited

رَبُّكُمۡ

your Lord

عَلَيۡكُمۡۖ

to you

أَلَّا

That (do) not

تُشۡرِكُواْ

associate

بِهِۦ

with Him

شَيۡـٔٗاۖ

anything

وَبِٱلۡوَٰلِدَيۡنِ

and with the parents

إِحۡسَٰنٗاۖ

(be) good

وَلَا

and (do) not

تَقۡتُلُوٓاْ

kill

أَوۡلَٰدَكُم

your children

مِّنۡ

(out) of

إِمۡلَٰقٖ

poverty

نَّحۡنُ

نَرۡزُقُكُمۡ

provide for you

وَإِيَّاهُمۡۖ

and for them

وَلَا

And (do) not

تَقۡرَبُواْ

go near

ٱلۡفَوَٰحِشَ

[the] immoralities

مَا

what

ظَهَرَ

(is) apparent

مِنۡهَا

of them

وَمَا

and what

بَطَنَۖ

(is) concealed

وَلَا

And (do) not

تَقۡتُلُواْ

kill

ٱلنَّفۡسَ

the soul

ٱلَّتِي

which

حَرَّمَ

has (been) forbidden

ٱللَّهُ

(by) Allah

إِلَّا

except

بِٱلۡحَقِّۚ

by (legal) right

ذَٰلِكُمۡ

That

وَصَّىٰكُم

(He) has enjoined on you

بِهِۦ

with it

لَعَلَّكُمۡ

so that you may

تَعۡقِلُونَ

use reason

Translation

Say: "Come, I will rehearse what Allah hath (really) prohibited you from": Join not anything as equal with Him; be good to your parents; kill not your children on a plea of want;- We provide sustenance for you and for them;- come not nigh to shameful deeds. Whether open or secret; take not life, which Allah hath made sacred, except by way of justice and law: thus doth He command you, that ye may learn wisdom.

Tafsir

A False Notion and its Rebuttal

Allah tells;

سَيَقُولُ الَّذِينَ أَشۡرَكُواۡ

Those who committed Shirk say:

Here Allah mentioned a debate with the idolators, refuting a false notion they have over their Shirk and the things that they prohibited.

They said, surely, Allah has full knowledge of the Shirk we indulge in, and that we forbid some kinds of wealth. Allah is able to change this Shirk by directing us to the faith, - they claimed - and prevent us from falling into disbelief, but He did not do that. Therefore - they said Allah indicated that He willed, decided and agreed that we do all this. They said,

لَوۡ شَاء اللّهُ مَا أَشۡرَكۡنَا وَلَا ابَاوُنَا وَلَا حَرَّمۡنَا مِن شَيۡءٍ

If Allah had willed, we would not have taken partners (in worship) with Him, nor would our fathers, and we would not have forbidden anything.

Allah said in another Ayah,

وَقَالُواۡ لَوۡ شَأءَ الرَّحۡمَـنُ مَا عَبَدۡنَـهُمۡ

And they said:If it had been the will of the Most Gracious (Allah), we should not have worshipped them (false deities). (43:20)

Similar is mentioned in Surah An-Nahl.

Allah said next,

كَذَلِكَ كَذَّبَ الَّذِينَ مِن قَبۡلِهِم

Likewise belied those who were before them,

for by using and relying on this understanding, the misguided ones before them were led astray. This notion is false and ungrounded, for had it been true, Allah would not have harmed them, destroyed them, aided His honorable Messengers over them, and made them taste His painful punishment.

حَتَّى ذَاقُواۡ بَأۡسَنَا

till they tasted Our wrath.

قُلۡ هَلۡ عِندَكُم مِّنۡ عِلۡمٍ

Say:Have you any knowledge...

that Allah is pleased with you and with your ways,

فَتُخۡرِجُوهُ لَنَا

that you can produce before us.

and make it plain, apparent and clear for us.

However,

إِن تَتَّبِعُونَ إِلاَّ الظَّنَّ

Verily, you only follow the Zann,

doubts and wishful thinking,

وَإِنۡ أَنتُمۡ إَلاَّ تَخۡرُصُونَ

and you do nothing but lie.

about Allah in the false claims that you utter.

Allah said next,

قُلۡ فَلِلّهِ الۡحُجَّةُ الۡبَالِغَةُ فَلَوۡ شَاء لَهَدَاكُمۡ أَجۡمَعِينَ

Say:With Allah is the perfect proof and argument; had He so willed, He would indeed have guided you all.

Allah said to His Prophet;

قُلۡ

Say, (O Muhammad, to them),

فَلِلّهِ الۡحُجَّةُ الۡبَالِغَةُ

With Allah is the perfect proof and argument...,

the perfect wisdom and unequivocal proof to guide whom He wills and misguide whom He wills.

فَلَوۡ شَاء لَهَدَاكُمۡ أَجۡمَعِينَ

had He so willed, He would indeed have guided you all.

All of this happens according to His decree, His will, and His choice. So in this way, He is pleased with the believers, and angry with the disbelievers. Allah said in other Ayat,

وَلَوۡ شَأءَ اللَّهُ لَجَمَعَهُمۡ عَلَى الۡهُدَى

And had Allah willed, He could have gathered them together (all) on true guidance, (6:35)

and,

وَلَوۡ شَأءَ رَبُّكَ لامَنَ مَن فِى الاٌّرۡضِ

And had your Lord willed, those on earth would have believed, all of them together. (10:99)

and,

وَلَوۡ شَأءَ رَبُّكَ لَجَعَلَ النَّاسَ أُمَّةً وَاحِدَةً وَلَا يَزَالُونَ مُخۡتَلِفِينَ

إِلاَّ مَن رَّحِمَ رَبُّكَ وَلِذلِكَ خَلَقَهُمۡ وَتَمَّتۡ كَلِمَةُ رَبّكَ لَامۡلَنَّ جَهَنَّمَ مِنَ الۡجِنَّةِ وَالنَّاسِ أَجۡمَعِينَ

And if your Lord had so willed, He could surely have made mankind one Ummah, but they will not cease to disagree. Except him on whom your Lord has bestowed His mercy and for that did He create them. And the Word of your Lord has been fulfilled:Surely, I shall fill Hell with Jinns and men all together. (11:118-119)

Ad-Dahhak said,

No one has an excuse if he disobeys Allah. Surely, Allah has the perfect proof established against His servants.

Allah said

قُلۡ هَلُمَّ شُهَدَاءكُمُ

Say:Bring forward your witnesses,

produce your witnesses,

الَّذِينَ يَشۡهَدُونَ أَنَّ اللّهَ حَرَّمَ هَـذَا

who can testify that Allah has forbidden this.

which you have forbidden and lied and invented about Allah in this regard,

فَإِن شَهِدُواۡ فَلَ تَشۡهَدۡ مَعَهُمۡ

Then if they testify, do not testify with them.

because in this case, their testimony is false and untrue,

وَلَا تَتَّبِعۡ أَهۡوَاء الَّذِينَ كَذَّبُواۡ بِأيَاتِنَا وَالَّذِينَ لَا يُوۡمِنُونَ بِالاخِرَةِ وَهُم بِرَبِّهِمۡ يَعۡدِلُونَ

And do not follow the vain desires of those who belie Our Ayat, and such as believe not in the Hereafter, and they hold others as equal with their Lord.

by associating others with Allah in worship and treating them as equals to Him.

Al-An'am: 151

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