Al-Ma'idah: 72

Ayah

Word by Word

لَقَدۡ

Certainly

كَفَرَ

disbelieved

ٱلَّذِينَ

those who

قَالُوٓاْ

say

إِنَّ

Indeed

ٱللَّهَ

Allah

هُوَ

ٱلۡمَسِيحُ

(is) the Messiah

ٱبۡنُ

son

مَرۡيَمَۖ

(of) Maryam

وَقَالَ

While said

ٱلۡمَسِيحُ

the Messiah

يَٰبَنِيٓ

O Children

إِسۡرَٰٓءِيلَ

(of) Israel

ٱعۡبُدُواْ

Worship

ٱللَّهَ

Allah

رَبِّي

my Lord

وَرَبَّكُمۡۖ

and your Lord

إِنَّهُۥ

Indeed, he

مَن

who

يُشۡرِكۡ

associates partners

بِٱللَّهِ

with Allah

فَقَدۡ

then surely

حَرَّمَ

(has) forbidden

ٱللَّهُ

Allah

عَلَيۡهِ

for him

ٱلۡجَنَّةَ

Paradise

وَمَأۡوَىٰهُ

and his abode

ٱلنَّارُۖ

(will be) the Fire

وَمَا

And not

لِلظَّـٰلِمِينَ

for the wrongdoers

مِنۡ

أَنصَارٖ

(any) helpers

Translation

They do blaspheme who say: "Allah is Christ the son of Mary." But said Christ: "O Children of Israel! worship Allah, my Lord and your Lord." Whoever joins other gods with Allah,- Allah will forbid him the garden, and the Fire will be his abode. There will for the wrong-doers be no one to help.

Tafsir

"The Jews Say That Allah's Hand is Tied up!

Allah says;

وَقَالَتِ الۡيَهُودُ يَدُ اللّهِ مَغۡلُولَةٌ

The Jews say:”Allah's Hand is tied up.”

Allah states that the Jews, may Allah's continuous curses descend on them until the Day of Resurrection, describe Him as a miser. Allah is far holier than what they attribute to Him.

The Jews also claim that Allah is poor, while they are rich.

Ali bin Abi Talhah reported that Ibn Abbas commented on Allah's statement,

وَقَالَتِ الۡيَهُودُ يَدُ اللّهِ مَغۡلُولَةٌ

(The Jews say, “Allah's Hand is tied up”).

“They do not mean that Allah's Hand is literally tied up. Rather, they mean that He is a miser and does not spend from what He has. Allah is far holier than what they attribute to Him.” Similar was reported from Mujahid, Ikrimah, Qatadah, As-Suddi and Ad-Dahhak.

Allah said in another Ayah,

وَلَا تَجۡعَلۡ يَدَكَ مَغۡلُولَةً إِلَى عُنُقِكَ وَلَا تَبۡسُطۡهَا كُلَّ الۡبَسۡطِ

فَتَقۡعُدَ مَلُومًا مَّحۡسُورًا

And let not your hand be tied (like a miser) to your neck, nor stretch it forth to its utmost reach (like a spendthrift), so that you become blameworthy and in severe poverty. (17:29)

In this Ayah, Allah prohibits stinginess and extravagance, which includes unnecessary and improper expenditures.

Allah describes stinginess by saying,

وَلَا تَجۡعَلۡ يَدَكَ مَغۡلُولَةً إِلَى عُنُقِكَ

(And let not your hand be tied (like a miser) to your neck).

Therefore, this is the meaning that the Jews meant, may Allah's curses be on them.

Ikrimah said that;

this Ayah was revealed about Finhas, one of the Jews, may Allah curse him.

We mentioned before that Finhas said,

إِنَّ اللّهَ فَقِيرٌ وَنَحۡنُ أَغۡنِيَاء

“(Truly, Allah is poor and we are rich!)” (3:181), and that Abu Bakr smacked him. Allah has refuted what the Jews attribute to Him and cursed them in retaliation for their lies and fabrications about Him.

Allah said,

غُلَّتۡ أَيۡدِيهِمۡ وَلُعِنُواۡ بِمَا قَالُواۡ

Be their hands tied up and be they accursed for what they uttered.

What Allah said occurred, for the Jews are indeed miserly, envious, cowards and tremendously humiliated.

Allah said in other Ayat,

أَمۡ لَهُمۡ نَصِيبٌ مِّنَ الۡمُلۡكِ فَإِذاً لاَّ يُوۡتُونَ النَّاسَ نَقِيراً

أَمۡ يَحۡسُدُونَ النَّاسَ عَلَى مَأ ءَاتَـهُمُ اللَّهُ مِن فَضۡلِهِ فَقَدۡ ءَاتَيۡنَأ ءَالَ إِبۡرَهِيمَ الۡكِتَـبَ وَالۡحِكۡمَةَ وَءَاتَيۡنَـهُمۡ مُّلۡكاً عَظِيماً

Or have they a share in the dominion! Then in that case they would not give mankind even a Naqir. Or do they envy men for what Allah has given them of His bounty! Then, We had already given the family of Ibrahim the Book and the Hikmah, and conferred upon them a great kingdom. (4:53-54)

and,

ضُرِبَتۡ عَلَيۡهِمُ الذِّلَّةُ

Indignity is put over them. (3:112)

Allah's Hands are Widely Outstretched

Allah said next,

بَلۡ يَدَاهُ مَبۡسُوطَتَانِ يُنفِقُ كَيۡفَ يَشَاء

Nay, both His Hands are widely outstretched. He spends (of His bounty) as He wills.

Allah's favors are ample, His bounty unlimited, as He owns the treasures of everything. Any good that reaches His servants is from Him alone, without partners. He has created everything that we need by night or by day, while traveling or at home and in all situations and conditions.

Allah said,

وَاتَاكُم مِّن كُلِّ مَا سَأَلۡتُمُوهُ وَإِن تَعُدُّواۡ نِعۡمَةَ اللَّهِ لَا تُحۡصُوهَا إِنَّ الانۡسَانَ لَظَلُومٌ كَفَّارٌ

And He gave you of all that you asked for, and if you count the blessings of Allah, never will you be able to count them. Verily, man is indeed an extreme wrongdoer, an extreme ingrate. (13:34)

There are many other Ayat on this subject.

Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal said that Abdur-Razzaq narrated to him that Ma`mar said that Hammam bin Munabbih said,

“This is what Abu Hurayrah narrated to us that the Messenger of Allah said,

إِنَّ يَمِينَ اللهِ مَلَۡى لَا يَغِيضُهَا نَفَقَةٌ سَحَّاءُ اللَّيۡلَ وَالنَّهَارَ أَرَأَيۡتُمۡ مَا أَنۡفَقَ مُنۡذُ خَلَقَ السَّموَات وَالاَۡرۡضَ فَإِنَّهُ لَمۡ يَغِضۡ مَا فِي يَمِينِهِ قال وَعَرۡشُهُ عَلَى الۡمَاءِ وَفِي يَدِهِ الاَۡخُرى الۡقَبۡضُ يَرۡفَعُ وَيَخۡفِض

Allah's Right Hand is perfectly full, and no amount of spending can decrease what He has, even though He spends by night and by day. Do you see how much Allah has spent since He created the heavens and earth Yet surely it has not decreased what He has in His Right Hand. His Throne is over the water and in His Other Hand is the hold by which He raises and lowers.

He also said that Allah said,

أَنۡفِقۡ أُنۡفِقۡ عَلَيۡك

`Spend and I will spend on you.”'

This Hadith was recorded in the Two Sahihs.

The Revelation to the Muslims only Adds to the Transgression and Disbelief of the Jews

Allah said,

وَلَيَزِيدَنَّ كَثِيرًا مِّنۡهُم مَّا أُنزِلَ إِلَيۡكَ مِن رَّبِّكَ طُغۡيَانًا وَكُفۡرًا

Verily, the revelation that has come to you from your Lord makes many of them increase in rebellion and disbelief.

meaning, the bounty that comes to you, O Muhammad, is a calamity for your enemies, the Jews and their kind. The more the revelation increases the believers in faith, good works, and beneficial knowledge, the more the disbelievers increase in envy for you and your Ummah, the more they increase in Tughyan -- which is to exceed the ordained limits for things -- and in disbelief -- meaning denial of you.

Allah said in other Ayat,

قُلۡ هُوَ لِلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواۡ هُدًى وَشِفَأءٌ وَالَّذِينَ لَا يُوۡمِنُونَ فِى ءَاذَانِهِمۡ وَقۡرٌ وَهُوَ عَلَيۡهِمۡ عَمًى أُوۡلَـيِكَ يُنَادَوۡنَ مِن مَّكَانٍ بَعِيدٍ

Say:”It is for those who believe, a guide and a healing. And as for those who disbelieve, there is heaviness (deafness) in their ears, and it is blindness for them. They are those who are called from a place far away.” (41:44)

and,

وَنُنَزِّلُ مِنَ الۡقُرۡءَانِ مَا هُوَ شِفَأءٌ وَرَحۡمَةٌ لِّلۡمُوۡمِنِينَ وَلَا يَزِيدُ الظَّـلِمِينَ إَلاَّ خَسَارًا

And We send down of the Qur'an that which is a healing and a mercy to those who believe, and it increases wrongdoers in nothing but loss. (17:82)

Allah said next,

وَأَلۡقَيۡنَا بَيۡنَهُمُ الۡعَدَاوَةَ وَالۡبَغۡضَاء إِلَى يَوۡمِ الۡقِيَامَةِ

We have put enmity and hatred among them till the Day of Resurrection.

Therefore, their hearts are never united. Rather, their various groups and sects will always have enmity and hatred for each other, because they do not agree on the truth, and because they opposed you and denied you.

Allah's statement,

كُلَّمَا أَوۡقَدُواۡ نَارًا لِّلۡحَرۡبِ أَطۡفَأَهَا اللّهُ

Every time they kindled the fire of war, Allah extinguished it;

means, every time they try to plot against you and kindled the fire of war, Allah extinguishes it and makes their plots turn against them. Therefore, their evil plots will return to harm them.

وَيَسۡعَوۡنَ فِي الَارۡضِ فَسَادًا وَاللّهُ لَا يُحِبُّ الۡمُفۡسِدِينَ

and they (ever) strive to make mischief on earth. And Allah does not like the mischief-makers.

It is their habit to always strive to cause mischief on the earth, and Allah does not like those with such behavior.

Had the People of the Book Adhered to their Book, they Would Have Acquired the Good of this Life and the Hereafter

Allah said next""

""وَلَوۡ أَنَّ أَهۡلَ الۡكِتَابِ امَنُواۡ وَاتَّقَوۡاۡ

And if only the People of the Scripture had believed and had Taqwa...,

Consequently, had the People of the Book believed in Allah and His Messenger and avoided the sins and prohibitions that they committed;

لَكَفَّرۡنَا عَنۡهُمۡ سَيِّيَاتِهِمۡ وَلادۡخَلۡنَاهُمۡ جَنَّاتِ النَّعِيمِ

We would indeed have expiated for them their sins and admitted them to Gardens of pleasure (in Paradise).

meaning We would have removed the dangers from them and granted them their objectives""

""وَلَوۡ أَنَّهُمۡ أَقَامُواۡ التَّوۡرَاةَ وَالاِنجِيلَ وَمَا أُنزِلَ إِلَيهِم مِّن رَّبِّهِمۡ

And if only they had acted according to the Tawrah, the Injil, and what has (now) been sent down to them from their Lord,

meaning, the Qur'an, as Ibn Abbas and others said.

لاأكَلُواۡ مِن فَوۡقِهِمۡ وَمِن تَحۡتِ أَرۡجُلِهِم

they would surely have gotten provision from above them and from underneath their feet.

Had they adhered to the Books that they have with them which they inherited from the Prophets, without altering or changing these Books, these would have directed them to follow the truth and implement the revelation that Allah sent Muhammad with. These Books testify to the Prophet's truth and command that he must be followed.

Allah's statement,

لاأكَلُواۡ مِن فَوۡقِهِمۡ وَمِن تَحۡتِ أَرۡجُلِهِم

(they would surely have gotten provision from above them and from underneath their feet),

refers to the tremendous provision that would have descended to them from the sky and grown for them on the earth. Allah said in another Ayah,

وَلَوۡ أَنَّ أَهۡلَ الۡقُرَى ءَامَنُواۡ وَاتَّقَوۡاۡ لَفَتَحۡنَا عَلَيۡهِم بَرَكَـتٍ مِّنَ السَّمَأءِ وَالاٌّرۡضِ

And if the people of the towns had believed and had Taqwa, certainly, We should have opened for them blessings from the heaven and the earth. (7:96)

Allah's statement,

مِّنۡهُمۡ أُمَّةٌ مُّقۡتَصِدَةٌ وَكَثِيرٌ مِّنۡهُمۡ سَاء مَا يَعۡمَلُونَ

And among them is a Muqtasid Ummah, but for most of them; evil is their work.

is similar to Allah's statement,

وَمِن قَوۡمِ مُوسَى أُمَّةٌ يَهۡدُونَ بِالۡحَقِّ وَبِهِ يَعۡدِلُونَ

And of the people of Musa there is a community who lead (the men) with truth and establish justice therewith. (7:159)

and His statement about the followers of `Isa, peace be upon him,

فَـَاتَيۡنَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواۡ مِنۡهُمۡ أَجۡرَهُمۡ

So We gave those among them who believed, their (due) reward. (57:67)

Therefore, Allah gave them the highest grade of Iqtisad, which is the middle course, given to this Ummah. Above them there is the grade of Sabiqun, as Allah described in His statement;

ثُمَّ أَوۡرَثۡنَا الۡكِتَـبَ الَّذِينَ اصۡطَفَيۡنَا مِنۡ عِبَادِنَا فَمِنۡهُمۡ ظَـلِمٌ لِّنَفۡسِهِ وَمِنۡهُمۡ مُّقۡتَصِدٌ وَمِنۡهُمۡ سَابِقٌ بِالۡخَيۡرَتِ بِإِذُنِ اللَّهِ ذَلِكَ هُوَ الۡفَضۡلُ الۡكَبِيرُ

جَنَّـتُ عَدۡنٍ يَدۡخُلُونَهَا يُحَلَّوۡنَ فِيهَا مِنۡ أَسَاوِرَ مِن ذَهَبٍ وَلُوۡلُواً وَلِبَاسُهُمۡ فِيهَا حَرِيرٌ

Then We gave the Book as inheritance to such of Our servants whom We chose. Then of them are some who wrong themselves, and of them are some who follow a middle course, and of them are some who, by Allah's permission, are Sabiq (foremost) in good deeds. That itself is indeed a great grace. `Adn (Eden) Paradise (everlasting Gardens) will they enter, therein will they be adorned with bracelets of gold and pearls, and their garments there will be of silk. (35:32-33).

""Commanding the Prophet to Convey the Message; Promising Him Immunity and Protection

Allah says;

يَا أَيُّهَا الرَّسُولُ بَلِّغۡ مَا أُنزِلَ إِلَيۡكَ مِن رَّبِّكَ

O Messenger! Convey what has been sent down to you from your Lord.

Allah addresses His servant and Messenger Muhammad by the title `Messenger' and commands him to convey all that He has sent him, a command that the Prophet has fulfilled in the best manner.

Al-Bukhari recorded that Aishah said,

""Whoever says to you that Muhammad hid any part of what Allah revealed to him, then he is uttering a lie. Allah said,

يَا أَيُّهَا الرَّسُولُ بَلِّغۡ مَا أُنزِلَ إِلَيۡكَ مِن رَّبِّكَ

(O Messenger! Convey what has been sent down to you from your Lord).""

Al-Bukhari collected the short form of this story here, but mentioned the full narration in another part of his book.

Muslim in the Book of Iman, At-Tirmidhi, and An-Nasa'i in the Book of Tafsir of their Sunans also collected this Hadith.

In is recorded in the Two Sahihs that Aishah said,

""If Muhammad hid anything from the Qur'an, he would have hidden this Ayah,

وَتُخۡفِى فِى نِفۡسِكَ مَا اللَّهُ مُبۡدِيهِ وَتَخۡشَى النَّاسَ وَاللَّهُ أَحَقُّ أَن تَخۡشَـهُ

But you did hide in yourself that which Allah will make manifest, you did fear the people while Allah had a better right that you should fear Him."" (33:37)

Al-Bukhari recorded that Az-Zuhri said,

""From Allah comes the Message, for the Messenger is its deliverance and for us is submission to it.""

The Ummah of Muhammad has testified that he has delivered the Message and fulfilled the trust, when he asked them during the biggest gathering in his speech during the Farewell Hajj. At that time, there were over forty thousand of his Companions.

Muslim recorded that Jabir bin Abdullah said that the Messenger of Allah said in his speech on that day,

أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّكُمۡ مَسۡوُولُونَ عَنِّي فَمَا أَنۡتُمۡ قَايِلُونَ

O people! You shall be asked about me, so what are you going to reply?

They said, ""We bear witness that you have conveyed (the Message), fulfilled (the trust) and offered sincere advice.""

The Prophet kept raising his finger towards the sky and then pointing at them, saying,

اللَّهُمَّ هَلۡ بَلَّغۡتُ

O Allah! Did I convey?

Allah's statement,

وَإِن لَّمۡ تَفۡعَلۡ فَمَا بَلَّغۡتَ رِسَالَتَهُ

And if you do not, then you have not conveyed His Message.

meaning:If you do not convey to the people what I sent to you, then you have not conveyed My Message. Meaning, the Prophet knows the consequences of this failure.

Ali bin Abi Talhah reported that Ibn Abbas commented on the Ayah,

""It means, if you hide only one Ayah that was revealed to you from your Lord, then you have not conveyed His Message.""

Allah's statement,

وَاللّهُ يَعۡصِمُكَ مِنَ النَّاسِ

Allah will protect you from mankind.

means, you convey My Message and I will protect, aid and support you over your enemies and will grant you victory over them. Therefore, do not have any fear or sadness, for none of them will be able to touch you with harm.

Before this Ayah was revealed, the Prophet was being guarded, as Imam Ahmad recorded that;

Aishah said that the Prophet was vigilant one night when she was next to him; she asked him, ""What is the matter, O Allah's Messenger?""

He said,

لَيۡتَ رَجُلً صَالِحًا مِنۡ أَصۡحَابِي يَحۡرُسُنِي اللَّيۡلَة

Would that a pious man from my companions guard me tonight!

She said, ""Suddenly we heard the clatter of arms. The Prophet said,

مَنۡ هَذَا

Who is that?""

He (the new comer) replied, ""I am Sa`d bin Malik (Sa`d bin Abi Waqqas).""

The Prophet asked,

مَا جَاءَ بِكَ

What brought you here?

He said, ""I have come to guard you, Allah's O Messenger.""

Aishah said, ""So, the Prophet slept (that night) and I heard the noise of sleep coming from him.""

This Hadith is recorded in Two Sahihs.

Another narration for this Hadith reads,

""The Messenger of Allah was vigilant one night, after he came to Al-Madinah..."",

meaning, after the Hijrah and after the Prophet consummated his marriage to Aishah in the second year of Hijrah.

Ibn Abi Hatim recorded that Aishah said,

""The Prophet was being guarded until this Ayah,

وَاللّهُ يَعۡصِمُكَ مِنَ النَّاسِ

(Allah will protect you from mankind) was revealed.""

She added; ""The Prophet raised his head from the room and said;

يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ انۡصَرِفُوا فَقَدۡ عَصَمَنِي اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَل

O people! Go away, for Allah will protect me.""'

At-Tirmidhi recorded it and said, ""This Hadith is Gharib.""

It was also recorded by Ibn Jarir, and Al-Hakim in his Mustadrak, where he said, ""Its chain is Sahih, but they did not record it.""

Allah's statement,

إِنَّ اللّهَ لَا يَهۡدِي الۡقَوۡمَ الۡكَافِرِينَ

Verily, Allah guides not those who disbelieve.

means, O Muhammad, you convey, and Allah guides whom He wills, and misguides whom He wills.

In other Ayat, Allah said,

لَّيۡسَ عَلَيۡكَ هُدَاهُمۡ وَلَـكِنَّ اللَّهَ يَهۡدِى مَن يَشَأءُ

Not upon you is their guidance, but Allah guides whom He wills. (2:272)

and,

فَإِنَّمَا عَلَيۡكَ الۡبَلَـغُ وَعَلَيۡنَا الۡحِسَابُ

Your duty is only to convey and on Us is the reckoning. (13:40)

""There is no Salvation Except through Faith in the Qur'an

Allah says:

قُلۡ

say:

Allah says:O Muhammad, say,

يَا أَهۡلَ الۡكِتَابِ لَسۡتُمۡ عَلَى شَيۡءٍ

O People of the Scripture! You have nothing...,

meaning no real religion,

حَتَّىَ تُقِيمُواۡ التَّوۡرَاةَ وَالاِنجِيلَ وَمَا أُنزِلَ إِلَيۡكُم مِّن رَّبِّكُمۡ

till you act according to the Tawrah, the Injil, and what has (now) been sent down to you from your Lord (the Qur'an).”

until you adhere to and implement the Tawrah and the Injil. That is, until you believe in all the Books that you have that Allah revealed to the Prophets. These Books command following Muhammad and believing in his prophecy, all the while adhering to his Law.

Allah's statement,

وَلَيَزِيدَنَّ كَثِيرًا مِّنۡهُم مَّا أُنزِلَ إِلَيۡكَ مِن رَّبِّكَ طُغۡيَانًا وَكُفۡرًا

Verily, the revelation that has come to you from your Lord makes many of them increase in rebellion and disbelief.

فَلَ تَأۡسَ عَلَى الۡقَوۡمِ الۡكَافِرِينَ

So do not grieve for the people who disbelieve,

Do not be sad or taken aback by their disbelief.

Allah said next""

""إِنَّ الَّذِينَ امَنُواۡ

Surely, those who believe,

referring to Muslims,

وَالَّذِينَ هَادُواۡ

those who are the Jews,

who were entrusted with the Tawrah,

وَالصَّابِوُونَ

and the Sabians...

a sect from the Christians and Magians who did not follow any particular religion, as Mujahid stated.

وَالنَّصَارَى

and the Christians,

As for the Christians, they are known and were entrusted with the Injil.

مَنۡ امَنَ بِاللّهِ وَالۡيَوۡمِ الاخِرِ وعَمِلَ صَالِحًا فَلَ خَوۡفٌ عَلَيۡهِمۡ وَلَا هُمۡ يَحۡزَنُونَ

whosoever believed in Allah and the Last Day, and worked righteousness, on them shall be no fear, nor shall they grieve.

The meaning here is that if each of these groups believed in Allah and the Hereafter, which is the Day of Judgment and Reckoning, and performed good actions, which to be so, must conform to Muhammad's Law, after Muhammad was sent to all mankind and the Jinns. If any of these groups held these beliefs, then they shall have no fear of what will come or sadness regarding what they lost, nor will grief ever affect them.

We discussed a similar Ayah before in Surah Al-Baqarah (2:62)""

""Allah says;

لَقَدۡ أَخَذۡنَا مِيثَاقَ بَنِي إِسۡرَايِيلَ وَأَرۡسَلۡنَا إِلَيۡهِمۡ رُسُلً

Verily, We took the covenant of the Children of Israel and sent Messengers to them.

Allah reminds that He took the covenant and pledges from the Children of Israel to hear and obey Him and His Messenger. They broke these pledges and covenants and followed their lusts and desires instead of the law, and whichever part of the law they agreed with, they took it. Otherwise, they abandoned it, if it did not conform to their desires.

This is why Allah said,

كُلَّمَا جَاءهُمۡ رَسُولٌ بِمَا لَا تَهۡوَى أَنۡفُسُهُمۡ فَرِيقًا كَذَّبُواۡ وَفَرِيقًا يَقۡتُلُونَ""

""وَحَسِبُواۡ أَلاَّ تَكُونَ فِتۡنَةٌ فَعَمُواۡ وَصَمُّواۡ

Whenever there came to them a Messenger with what they themselves desired not - a group of them they called liars, and others among them they killed. They thought there will be no Fitnah (trial or punishment) so they became blind and deaf.

thinking that they would suffer no repercussions for of the evil that they committed. Consequently, they were blinded from the truth and became deaf, incapable of hearing the truth. For these reasons they were unable to be guided by it.

ثُمَّ تَابَ اللّهُ عَلَيۡهِمۡ ثُمَّ عَمُواۡ وَصَمُّواۡ

after that Allah turned to them (with forgiveness); yet again many of them became blind and deaf.

Allah forgave that, then,

ثُمَّ عَمُواۡ وَصَمُّواۡ

(yet they became blind and deaf) again,

كَثِيرٌ مِّنۡهُمۡ وَاللّهُ بَصِيرٌ بِمَا يَعۡمَلُونَ

many of them, and Allah is the All-Seer of what they do.

He has perfect knowledge of what they do and whomever among them deserves the guidance and whomever deserves misguidance.

""The Disbelief of the Christians; `Isa Only called to Tawhid

Allah says;

لَقَدۡ كَفَرَ الَّذِينَ قَالُواۡ إِنَّ اللّهَ هُوَ الۡمَسِيحُ ابۡنُ مَرۡيَمَ

Surely, they have disbelieved who say:”Allah is the Messiah (`Isa), son of Maryam.”

Allah states that the Christians such sects as Monarchite, Jacobite and Nestorite are disbelievers, those among them who say that `Isa is Allah. Allah is far holier than what they attribute to Him. They made this claim in spite of the fact that `Isa made it known that he was the servant of Allah and His Messenger.

The first words that `Isa uttered when he was still a baby in the cradle were, “I am Abdullah (the servant of Allah).” He did not say, “I am Allah,” or, “I am the son of Allah.” Rather, he said,

إِنِّى عَبۡدُ اللَّهِ ءَاتَانِىَ الۡكِتَـبَ وَجَعَلَنِى نَبِيّاً

Verily, I am a servant of Allah, He has given me the Scripture and made me a Prophet. (19:30) until he said,

وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ رَبِّى وَرَبُّكُمۡ فَاعۡبُدُوهُ هَـذَا صِرَطٌ مُّسۡتَقِيمٌ

“And verily Allah is my Lord and your Lord. So worship Him (Alone). That is the straight path.” (19:36)

He also proclaimed to them when he was a man, after he was sent as a Prophet, commanding them to worship his Lord and their Lord, alone without partners,

وَقَالَ الۡمَسِيحُ يَا بَنِي إِسۡرَايِيلَ اعۡبُدُواۡ اللّهَ رَبِّي وَرَبَّكُمۡ إِنَّهُ مَن يُشۡرِكۡ بِاللّهِ

But the Messiah said, “O Children of Israel! worship Allah, my Lord and your Lord.” Verily, whosoever sets up partners with Allah...,

in worship;

فَقَدۡ حَرَّمَ اللّهُ عَلَيهِ الۡجَنَّةَ وَمَأۡوَاهُ النَّارُ

then Allah has forbidden Paradise for him, and the Fire will be his abode.

as He will send him to the Fire and forbid Paradise for him.

Allah also said;

إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَغۡفِرُ أَن يُشۡرَكَ بِهِ وَيَغۡفِرُ مَا دُونَ ذَلِكَ لِمَن يَشَأءُ

Verily, Allah forgives not that partners should be set up with Him (in worship), but He forgives except that (anything else) to whom He wills. (4:48)

and,

وَنَادَى أَصۡحَـبُ النَّارِ أَصۡحَـبَ الۡجَنَّةِ أَنۡ أَفِيضُواۡ عَلَيۡنَا مِنَ الۡمَأءِ أَوۡ مِمَّا رَزَقَكُمُ اللَّهُ قَالُواۡ إِنَّ اللَّهَ حَرَّمَهُمَا عَلَى الۡكَـفِرِينَ

And the dwellers of the Fire will call to the dwellers of Paradise; “Pour on us some water or anything that Allah has provide you with.” They will say:”Allah has forbidden both to the disbelievers.” (7:50)

It is recorded in the Sahih that the Prophet had someone proclaim to the people,

إِنَّ الۡجَنَّةَ لَا يَدۡخُلُهَا إِلاَّ نَفۡسٌ مُسۡلِمَة

Only a Muslim soul shall enter Paradise.

In another narration,

مُوۡمِنَة

Only a believing soul...

This is why Allah said that `Isa said to the Children of Israel,

إِنَّهُ مَن يُشۡرِكۡ بِاللّهِ

فَقَدۡ حَرَّمَ اللّهُ عَلَيهِ الۡجَنَّةَ وَمَأۡوَاهُ النَّارُ وَمَا لِلظَّالِمِينَ مِنۡ أَنصَارٍ

Verily, whosoever sets up partners with Allah, then Allah has forbidden Paradise for him, and the Fire will be his abode. And there are no helpers for the wrongdoers.

There is no help from Allah, nor anyone who will support or protect them from the state they will be in.

Allah's statement""

""لَّقَدۡ كَفَرَ الَّذِينَ قَالُواۡ إِنَّ اللّهَ ثَالِثُ ثَلَثَةٍ

Surely, they have disbelieved who say:”Allah is the third of three.”

Mujahid and several others said that;

this Ayah was revealed about the Christians in particular.

As-Suddi and others said that;

this Ayah was revealed about taking `Isa and his mother as gods besides Allah, thus making Allah the third in a trinity.

As-Suddi said, “This is similar to Allah's statement towards the end of the Surah,

وَإِذۡ قَالَ اللّهُ يَا عِيسَى ابۡنَ مَرۡيَمَ أَأَنتَ قُلتَ لِلنَّاسِ اتَّخِذُونِي وَأُمِّيَ إِلَـهَيۡنِ مِن دُونِ اللّهِ قَالَ سُبۡحَانَكَ

And (remember) when Allah will say:”O `Isa, son of Maryam! Did you say unto men:`Worship me and my mother as two gods besides Allah' He will say, “Glory be to You!” (5:116)

Allah replied,

وَمَا مِنۡ إِلَـهٍ إِلاَّ إِلَـهٌ وَاحِدٌ

But there is no god but One God.

meaning there are not many worthy of worship but there is only One God without partners, and He is the Lord of all creation and all that exists.

Allah said next, while threatening and admonishing them,

وَإِن لَّمۡ يَنتَهُواۡ عَمَّا يَقُولُونَ

And if they cease not from what they say,

their lies and false claims,

لَيَمَسَّنَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواۡ مِنۡهُمۡ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ

verily, a painful torment will befall the disbelievers among them.

in the Hereafter, shackled and tormented.

Allah said next,

أَفَلَ يَتُوبُونَ إِلَى اللّهِ وَيَسۡتَغۡفِرُونَهُ وَاللّهُ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ""

""Will they not repent to Allah and ask His Forgiveness For Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.

This demonstrates Allah's generosity, kindness and mercy for His creatures, even though they committed this grave sin and invented such a lie and false allegation. Despite all of this, Allah calls them to repent so that He will forgive them, for Allah forgives those who sincerely repent to Him.

`Isa is Allah's Servant and His Mother is a Truthful Believer

Allah said""

""مَّا الۡمَسِيحُ ابۡنُ مَرۡيَمَ إِلاَّ رَسُولٌ قَدۡ خَلَتۡ مِن قَبۡلِهِ الرُّسُلُ

The Messiah, son of Maryam, was no more than a Messenger; many were the Messengers that passed away before him.

`Isa is just like the previous Prophets, and he is one of the servants of Allah and one of His honorable Messengers. Allah said in another Ayah,

إِنۡ هُوَ إِلاَّ عَبۡدٌ أَنۡعَمۡنَا عَلَيۡهِ وَجَعَلۡنَـهُ مَثَلً لِّبَنِى إِسۡرَءِيلَ

He (`Isa) was not more than a servant. We granted Our favor to him, and We made him an example for the Children of Israel. (43:59)

Allah said next,

وَأُمُّهُ صِدِّيقَةٌ

His mother was a Siddiqah,

for she believed in Allah with complete trust in Him.

This is the highest rank she was given, which proves that she was not a Prophet.

Allah said next,

كَانَا يَأۡكُلَنِ الطَّعَامَ

They both used to eat food,

needing nourishment and to relieve the call of nature. Therefore, they are just servants like other servants, not gods as ignorant Christian sects claim, may Allah's continued curses cover them until the Day of Resurrection.

Allah said next,

انظُرۡ كَيۡفَ نُبَيِّنُ لَهُمُ الايَاتِ

Look how We make the Ayat clear to them.

making them unequivocal and plain,

ثُمَّ انظُرۡ أَنَّى يُوۡفَكُونَ

yet look how they are deluded away (from the truth).

look at the opinions, misguided ideas, and claims they cling to, even after Our clarification and plain, unequivocal explanation.

""The Prohibition of Shirk (Polytheism) and Exaggeration in the Religion

Allah admonishes those who take up rivals with Him and worship the idols, monuments and false deities. Allah states that such false deities do not deserve any degree of Divinity.

Allah said,

قُلۡ

Say,

O Muhammad, to those from among the Children of Adam, such as the Christians, who worship other than Allah,

أَتَعۡبُدُونَ مِن دُونِ اللّهِ مَا لَا يَمۡلِكُ لَكُمۡ ضَرًّا وَلَا نَفۡعًا

How do you worship besides Allah something which has no power either to harm or to benefit you!

meaning, which cannot prevent harm for you nor bring about your benefit.

وَاللّهُ هُوَ السَّمِيعُ الۡعَلِيمُ

But it is Allah Who is the All-Hearer, All-Knower.

He hears what His servants say and has knowledge of all things. Therefore, how did you worship inanimate objects that do not hear, see or know anything - having no power to bring harm or benefit to themselves let alone others - instead of worshipping Allah.

Allah then said""

""قُلۡ يَا أَهۡلَ الۡكِتَابِ لَا تَغۡلُواۡ فِي دِينِكُمۡ غَيۡرَ الۡحَقِّ

Say:”O People of the Scripture! Exceed not the limits in your religion beyond the truth,

Meaning:Do not exceed the limits concerning the truth and exaggeration in praising whom you were commanded to honor. You exaggerated in his case and elevated him from the rank of Prophet to the rank of a god. You did this with `Isa, who was a Prophet, yet you claimed that he is god besides Allah.

وَلَا تَتَّبِعُواۡ أَهۡوَاء قَوۡمٍ قَدۡ ضَلُّواۡ مِن قَبۡلُ

and do not follow the vain desires of people who went astray before...

This error occurred because you followed your teachers, the advocates of misguidance who came before your time and who,

وَأَضَلُّواۡ كَثِيرًا وَضَلُّواۡ عَن سَوَاء السَّبِيلِ

and who misled many, and strayed (themselves) from the right path.

deviated from the straight path, to the path of misguidance and deviation."

Al-Ma'idah: 72

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