Al-Mu'min: 37

Ayah

Word by Word

أَسۡبَٰبَ

(The) ways

ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ

(to) the heavens

فَأَطَّلِعَ

so I may look

إِلَىٰٓ

إِلَٰهِ

(the) God

مُوسَىٰ

(of) Musa

وَإِنِّي

and indeed I

لَأَظُنُّهُۥ

[I] surely think him

كَٰذِبٗاۚ

(to be) a liar

وَكَذَٰلِكَ

And thus

زُيِّنَ

was made fair-seeming

لِفِرۡعَوۡنَ

to Firaun

سُوٓءُ

(the) evil

عَمَلِهِۦ

(of) his deed

وَصُدَّ

and he was averted

عَنِ

from

ٱلسَّبِيلِۚ

the way

وَمَا

And not

كَيۡدُ

(was the) plot

فِرۡعَوۡنَ

(of) Firaun

إِلَّا

except

فِي

تَبَابٖ

ruin

Translation

"The ways and means of (reaching) the heavens, and that I may mount up to the god of Moses: But as far as I am concerned, I think (Moses) is a liar!" Thus was made alluring, in Pharaoh's eyes, the evil of his deeds, and he was hindered from the Path; and the plot of Pharaoh led to nothing but perdition (for him).

Tafsir

How Fir`awn mocked the Lord of Musa

Allah tells,

وَقَالَ فِرۡعَوۡنُ يَا هَامَانُ ابۡنِ لِي صَرۡحًا

And Fir`awn said:O Haman! Build me a lofty tower

Allah tells us of the arrogant and hostile defiance of Fir`awn and his rejection of Musa, when he commanded his minister Haman to build him a tower, i.e., a tall, high, strong fortress. He built it of bricks made from baked clay, as Allah says:

فَأَوۡقِدۡ لِى يَهَـمَـنُ عَلَى الطِّينِ فَاجۡعَل لِّى صَرۡحاً

So kindle for me (a fire), O Haman, to bake (bricks out of) clay, and set up for me a lofty tower. (28:38)

لَّعَلِّي أَبۡلُغُ الاَۡسۡبَابَ

أَسۡبَابَ السَّمَاوَاتِ

that I may arrive at the ways -- the ways of the heavens,

Sa`id bin Jubayr and Abu Salih said,

The gates of the heavens.

Or it was said, the ways of the heavens.

فَأَطَّلِعَ إِلَى إِلَهِ مُوسَى وَإِنِّي لَاأَظُنُّهُ كَاذِبًا

and I may look upon the God of Musa, but verily, I think him to be a liar.

Because of his disbelief and defiance, he did not believe that Allah had sent Musa to him.

Allah says:

وَكَذَلِكَ زُيِّنَ لِفِرۡعَوۡنَ سُوءُ عَمَلِهِ وَصُدَّ عَنِ السَّبِيلِ

Thus it was made fair seeming, in Fir`awn's eyes, the evil of his deeds, and he was hindered from the path;

means, this act of his (building the tower), by means of which he wanted to deceive his people and make them think that he could prove that Musa was lying.

Allah says:

وَمَا كَيۡدُ فِرۡعَوۡنَ إِلاَّ فِي تَبَابٍ

and the plot of Fir`awn led to nothing but loss and destruction.

Ibn Abbas and Mujahid said,

Meaning nothing but ruin.

More of what the Believer from Fir`awn's Family said

Allah tells that,

وَقَالَ الَّذِي امَنَ

And the man who believed said:

This believer said to his people who persisted in their rebellion and transgression, and preferred the life of this world:

يَا قَوۡمِ اتَّبِعُونِ أَهۡدِكُمۡ سَبِيلَ الرَّشَادِ

O my people! Follow me, I will guide you to the way of right conduct.

This is in contrast to the false claim of Fir`awn:

وَمَا أَهۡدِيكُمۡ إِلاَّ سَبِيلَ الرَّشَادِ

(and I guide you only to the path of right policy). (40:29)

Then he sought to make them shun this world which they preferred to the Hereafter, and which had prevented them from believing in the Messenger of Allah, Musa, peace be upon him.

He said

يَا قَوۡمِ إِنَّمَا هَذِهِ الۡحَيَاةُ الدُّنۡيَا مَتَاعٌ

O my people! Truly, this life of the world is nothing but an enjoyment,

meaning, it is insignificant and fleeting, and soon it will diminish and pass away.

وَإِنَّ الاۡإخِرَةَ هِيَ دَارُ الۡقَرَارِ

and verily, the Hereafter that is the home that will remain forever.

means, the abode which will never end and from which there will be no departure, which will be either Paradise or Hell.

Allah says

مَنۡ عَمِلَ سَيِّيَةً فَلَ يُجۡزَى إِلاَّ مِثۡلَهَا

Whosoever does an evil deed, will not be requited except the like thereof; (means, one like it).

وَمَنۡ عَمِلَ صَالِحًا مِّن ذَكَرٍ أَوۡ أُنثَى وَهُوَ مُوۡمِنٌ فَأُوۡلَيِكَ يَدۡخُلُونَ الۡجَنَّةَ يُرۡزَقُونَ فِيهَا بِغَيۡرِ حِسَابٍ

and whosoever does a righteous deed, whether male or female and is a true believer, such will enter Paradise, where they will be provided therein without limit.

means, the reward cannot be enumerated, but Allah will give an immense reward without end. And Allah is the Guide to the straight path

The Conclusion of the Believer's Words, and the ultimate Destiny of both Parties

Allah informs that the believer said:

وَيَا قَوۡمِ مَا لِي أَدۡعُوكُمۡ إِلَى النَّجَاةِ

And O my people! How is it that I call you to salvation,

That believer said:`Why do I call you to salvation, which is the worship of Allah alone with no partner or associate, and belief in His Messenger, whom He has sent,'

وَتَدۡعُونَنِي إِلَى النَّارِ

تَدۡعُونَنِي لاَِكۡفُرَ بِاللَّهِ وَأُشۡرِكَ بِهِ مَا لَيۡسَ لِي بِهِ عِلۡمٌ

while you call me to the Fire! You invite me to disbelieve in Allah, and to join partners in worship with Him of which I have no knowledge;

means, on the basis of ignorance, with no proof or evidence.

وَأَنَا أَدۡعُوكُمۡ إِلَى الۡعَزِيزِ الۡغَفَّارِ

and I invite you to the Almighty, the Oft-Forgiving!

means, with all His might and pride, He still forgives the sin of the one who repents to Him

لَاا جَرَمَ أَنَّمَا تَدۡعُونَنِي إِلَيۡهِ

La Jarama, you call me to one,

They say it means, Truly.

As-Suddi and Ibn Jarir said that the meaning of His saying:

لَاا جَرَمَ

(La jarama) means Truly.

Ad-Dahhak said:

لَاا جَرَمَ

(La Jarama) means, No lie.

Ali bin Abi Talhah and Ibn Abbas said:

لَاا جَرَمَ

(La Jarama) means, Indeed, the one that you call me to of idols and false gods

لَيۡسَ لَهُ دَعۡوَةٌ فِي الدُّنۡيَا وَلَا فِي الاۡخِرَةِ

that does not have a claim in this world or in the Hereafter.

Mujahid said, The idols that do not have anything.

Qatadah said,

This means that idols possess no power either to benefit or to harm.

As-Suddi said,

They do not respond to those who call upon them, either in this world or in the Hereafter.

This is like the Ayah:

وَمَنۡ أَضَلُّ مِمَّن يَدۡعُو مِن دُونِ اللَّهِ مَن لاَّ يَسۡتَجِيبُ لَهُ إِلَى يَوۡمِ الۡقِيَـمَةِ وَهُمۡ عَن دُعَأيِهِمۡ غَـفِلُونَ

وَإِذَا حُشِرَ النَّاسُ كَانُواۡ لَهُمۡ أَعۡدَاءً وَكَانُواۡ بِعِبَادَتِهِمۡ كَـفِرِينَ

And who is more astray than one who calls on besides Allah, such as will not answer him till the Day of Resurrection, and who are unaware of their calls to them And when the people are gathered, they will become their enemies and deny their worship. (46:5-6)

إِن تَدۡعُوهُمۡ لَا يَسۡمَعُواۡ دُعَأءَكُمۡ وَلَوۡ سَمِعُواۡ مَا اسۡتَجَابُواۡ لَكُمۡ

If you invoke them, they hear not your call; and if they were to hear, they could not grant it to you. (35:14)

وَأَنَّ مَرَدَّنَا إِلَى اللَّهِ

And our return will be to Allah,

means, in the Hereafter, where He will reward or punish each person according to his deeds.

He says:

وَأَنَّ الۡمُسۡرِفِينَ هُمۡ أَصۡحَابُ النَّارِ

and the transgressors, they shall be the dwellers of the Fire!

meaning, they will dwell therein forever, because of their great sin, which is associating others in worship with Allah

فَسَتَذۡكُرُونَ مَا أَقُولُ لَكُمۡ

And you will remember what I am telling you,

means, `you will come to know the truth of what I enjoined upon you and forbade you to do, the advice I gave you and what I explained to you. You will come to know, and you will feel regret at the time when regret will be of no avail.'

وَأُفَوِّضُ أَمۡرِي إِلَى اللَّهِ

and my affair I leave it to Allah.

means, `I put my trust in Allah and seek His help, and I renounce you utterly.'

إِنَّ اللَّهَ بَصِيرٌ بِالۡعِبَادِ

Verily, Allah is the All-Seer of (His) servants.

means, He knows all about them, may He be exalted and sanctified, and He guides those who deserve to be guided and sends astray those who deserve to be sent astray; His is the perfect proof, utmost wisdom and mighty power

فَوَقَاهُ اللَّهُ سَيِّيَاتِ مَا مَكَرُوا

So Allah saved him from the evils that they plotted,

means, in this world and in the Hereafter;

in this world, Allah saved him along with Musa, peace be upon him, and in the Hereafter (He will admit him) to Paradise.

Proof of the Torment of the Grave

Allah says:

وَحَاقَ بِألِ فِرۡعَوۡنَ سُوءُ الۡعَذَابِ

while an evil torment encompassed Fir`awn's people.

this refers to drowning in the sea

النَّارُ يُعۡرَضُونَ عَلَيۡهَا غُدُوًّا وَعَشِيًّا

The Fire, they are exposed to it, morning and afternoon.

then being transferred from there to Hell, for their souls are exposed to the Fire morning and evening until the Hour begins. When the Day of Resurrection comes, their souls and bodies will be reunited in Hell.

Allah says:

وَيَوۡمَ تَقُومُ السَّاعَةُ أَدۡخِلُوا الَ فِرۡعَوۡنَ أَشَدَّ الۡعَذَابِ

And on the Day when the Hour will be established (it will be said to the angels):Admit Fir`awn's people to the severest torment!

meaning, more intense pain and greater agony.

This Ayah contains one of the major proofs used by the Ahlus-Sunnah to prove that there will be torment in the grave during the period of Al-Barzakh; it is the phrase:

النَّارُ يُعۡرَضُونَ عَلَيۡهَا غُدُوًّا وَعَشِيًّا

(The Fire, they are exposed to it, morning and afternoon). But the question arises:this Ayah was undoubtedly revealed in Makkah, but they use it as evidence to prove that there will be torment in the grave during the period of Al-Barzakh.

Imam Ahmad recorded from A'ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, that a Jewish woman used to serve her, and whenever A'ishah did her a favor, the Jewish woman would say,

May Allah save you from the torment of the grave.

A'ishah said, Then the Messenger of Allah came in, and I said, `O Messenger of Allah, will there be any torment in the grave before the Day of Resurrection?'

He said,

لَاا مَنۡ زَعَمَ ذَلِكَ

No, who said that?

I said, `This Jewish woman, whenever I do her a favor, she says:May Allah save you from the torment of the grave.'

The Messenger of Allah said,

كَذَبَتۡ يَهُودُ وَهُمۡ عَلَى اللهِ أَكۡذَبُ لَا عَذَابَ دُونَ يَوۡمِ الۡقِيَامَة

The Jews are lying, and they tell more lies about Allah. There is no torment except on the Day of Resurrection.

Then as much time passed as Allah willed should pass, then one day he came out at midday, wrapped in his robe with his eyes reddening, calling at the top of his voice:

الۡقَبۡرُ كَقِطَع اللَّيۡلِ الۡمُظۡلِمِ

أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ لَوۡ تَعۡلَمُونَ مَا أَعۡلَمُ لَبَكَيۡتُمۡ كَثِيرًا وَضَحِكۡتُمۡ قَلِيلً

أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ اسۡتَعِـــــــــيذُوا بِاللهِ مِنۡ عَذَابِ الۡقَبۡرِ فَإِنَّ عَذَابَ الۡقَبۡرِ حَق

The grave is like patches of dark night!

O people, if you knew what I know, you would weep much and laugh little.

O people, seek refuge with Allah from the torment of the grave, for the torment of the grave is real.

This chain of narration is Sahih according to the conditions of Al-Bukhari and Muslim, although they did not record it.

It was said, `how can this report be reconciled with the fact that the Ayah was revealed in Makkah and the Ayah indicates that there will be torment during the period of Al-Barzakh?'

The answer is that the Ayah refers to the souls (of Fir`awn and his people) being exposed to the Fire morning and evening; it does not say that the pain will affect their bodies in the grave. So it may be that this has to do specifically with their souls. With regard to there being any effect on their bodies in Al-Barzakh, and their feeling pain as a result, this is indicated in the Sunnah, in some Hadiths which we will mention below.

It was said that this Ayah refers to the punishment of the disbelievers in Al-Barzakh, and that it does not by itself imply that the believer will be punished in the grave for his sins. This is indicated by the Hadith recorded by Imam Ahmad from A'ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, according to which the Messenger of Allah entered upon A'ishah when a Jewish woman was with her, and she (the Jewish woman) was saying, I was told that you will be tried in the grave.

The Messenger of Allah was worried and said:

إِنَّمَا يُفۡتَنُ يَهُود

Only the Jews will be tested.

A'ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, said, Several nights passed, then the Messenger of Allah said:

أَلَا إِنَّكُمۡ تُفۡتَنُونَ فِي الۡقُبُور

Verily you will be tested in the graves.

A'ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, said,

After that, the Messenger of Allah used to seek refuge with Allah from the torment of the grave.

This was also recorded by Muslim.

It could be said that this Ayah indicates that the souls will be punished in Al-Barzakh, but this does not necessarily imply that the bodies in their graves will be affected by that. When Allah revealed something about the torment of the grave to His Prophet, he sought refuge with Allah from that. And Allah knows best.

The Hadiths which speak of the torment of the grave are very many.

Qatadah said, concerning the Ayah,

غُدُوًّا وَعَشِيًّا

(morning and afternoon),

(This means) every morning and every evening, for as long as this world remains, it will be said to them by way of rebuke and humiliation, O people of Fir`awn, this is your position.

Ibn Zayd said,

They are there today, being exposed to it morning and evening, until the Hour begins.

وَيَوۡمَ تَقُومُ السَّاعَةُ أَدۡخِلُوا الَ فِرۡعَوۡنَ أَشَدَّ الۡعَذَابِ

(And on the Day when the Hour will be established (it will be said to the angels):Cause Fir`awn's people to enter the severest torment!)

The people of Fir`awn are like foolish camels, stumbling into rocks and trees without thinking.

Imam Ahmad recorded that Ibn Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, said,

The Messenger of Allah said:

إِنَّ أَحَدَكُمۡ إِذَا مَاتَ عُرِضَ عَلَيۡهِ مَقۡعَدُهُ بِالۡغَدَاةِ وَالۡعَشِيِّ إِنۡ كَانَ مِنۡ أَهۡلِ الۡجَنَّةِ فَمِنۡ أَهۡلِ الۡجَنَّةِ وَإِنۡ كَانَ مِنۡ أَهۡلِ النَّارِ فَمِنۡ أَهۡلِ النَّارِ فَيُقَالُ هذَا مَقۡعَدُكَ حَتۡى يَبۡعَثَكَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ إِلَيۡهِ يَوۡمَ الۡقِيَامَة

When one of you dies, he is shown his place (in Paradise or Hell) morning and evening; if he is one of the people of Paradise, then he is one of the people of Paradise, and if he is one of the people of Hell, then he is one of the people of Hell. It will be said to him, this is your place until Allah resurrects you to go to it on the Day of Resurrection.

It was also reported in the Two Sahihs.