An-Nisa': 85

Ayah

Word by Word

مَّن

Whoever

يَشۡفَعۡ

intercedes

شَفَٰعَةً

an intercession

حَسَنَةٗ

good

يَكُن

will have

لَّهُۥ

for him

نَصِيبٞ

a share

مِّنۡهَاۖ

of it

وَمَن

and whoever

يَشۡفَعۡ

intercedes

شَفَٰعَةٗ

an intercession

سَيِّئَةٗ

evil

يَكُن

will have

لَّهُۥ

for him

كِفۡلٞ

a portion

مِّنۡهَاۗ

of it

وَكَانَ

And is

ٱللَّهُ

Allah

عَلَىٰ

كُلِّ

every

شَيۡءٖ

thing

مُّقِيتٗا

a Keeper

Translation

Whoever recommends and helps a good cause becomes a partner therein: And whoever recommends and helps an evil cause, shares in its burden: And Allah hath power over all things.

Tafsir

"Interceding for a Good or an Evil Cause

Allah said

مَّن يَشۡفَعۡ شَفَاعَةً حَسَنَةً يَكُن لَّهُ نَصِيبٌ مِّنۡهَا

Whosoever intercedes for a good cause, will have the reward thereof;

meaning, whoever intercedes in a matter that produces good results, will acquire a share in that good.

وَمَن يَشۡفَعۡ شَفَاعَةً سَيِّيَةً يَكُن لَّهُ كِفۡلٌ مِّنۡهَا

And whosoever intercedes for an evil cause, will have a share in its burden.

meaning, he will carry a burden due to what resulted from his intercession and intention.

For instance, it is recorded in the Sahih that the Prophet said,

اشۡفَعُوا تُوۡجَرُوا وَيَقۡضِي اللهُ عَلى لِسَانِ نَبِيِّهِ مَا شَاء

Intercede and you will gain a reward of it. Yet, Allah shall decide whatever He wills by the words of His Prophet.

Mujahid bin Jabr said,

""This Ayah was revealed about the intercession of people on behalf of each other.""

Allah then said,

وَكَانَ اللّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيۡءٍ مُّقِيتًا

And Allah is Ever Muqit over everything.

Ibn Abbas, Ata, Atiyah, Qatadah and Matar Al-Warraq said that,

مُّقِيتًا

(Muqit) means, ""Watcher.""

Mujahid said that;

Muqit means, `Witness', and in another narration, `Able to do.'

Returning the Salam, With a Better Salam

Allah said

وَإِذَا حُيِّيۡتُم بِتَحِيَّةٍ فَحَيُّواۡ بِأَحۡسَنَ مِنۡهَا أَوۡ رُدُّوهَا

When you are greeted with a greeting, greet in return with what is better than it, or (at least) return it equally.

meaning, if the Muslim greets you with the Salam, then return the greeting with a better Salam, or at least equal to the Salam that was given. Therefore, the better Salam is recommended, while returning it equally is an obligation.

Imam Ahmad recorded that Abu Raja Al-Utaridi said that;

Imran bin Husayn said that a man came to the Messenger of Allah and said, ""As-Salamu Alaykum"".

The Prophet returned the greeting, and after the man sat down he said, ""Ten.""

Another man came and said, ""As-Salamu Alaykum wa Rahmatullah, O Allah's Messenger.""

The Prophet returned the greeting, and after the man sat down he said, ""Twenty.""

Then another man came and said, ""As-Salamu Alaykum wa Rahmatullah wa Barakatuh.""

The Prophet returned the greeting, and after the man sat down he said, ""Thirty.""

This is the narration recorded by Abu Dawud. At-Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i and Al-Bazzar also recorded it.

At-Tirmidhi said, ""Hasan Gharib"".

There are several other Hadiths on this subject from Abu Sa`id, Ali, and Sahl bin Hanif. When the Muslim is greeted with the full form of Salam, he is obliged to return the greeting equally.

As for Ahl Adh-Dhimmah the Salam should not be initiated nor should the greeting be added to when returning their greeting. Rather, as recorded in the Two Sahihs their greeting is returned to them equally.

Ibn Umar narrated that the Messenger of Allah said,

إِذَا سَلَّمَ عَلَيۡكُمُ الۡيَهُودُ فَإِنَّمَا يَقُولُ أَحَدُهُمۡ السَّامُ عَلَيۡكَ فَقُلۡ وَعَلَيۡك

When the Jews greet you, one of them would say, `As-Samu `Alayka (death be unto you).'

Therefore, say, `Wa `Alayka (and the same to you).')

In his Sahih, Muslim recorded that Abu Hurayrah said that the Messenger of Allah said,

لَاا تَبۡدَأُوا الۡيَهُودَ وَالنَّصَارَى بِالسَّلَامِ وَإِذَا لَقِيتُمُوهُمۡ فِي طَرِيقٍ فَاضۡطَرُّوهُمۡ إِلى أَضۡيَقِه

Do not initiate greeting the Jews and Christians with the Salam, and when you pass by them on a road, force them to its narrowest path.

Abu Dawud recorded that Abu Hurayrah said that the Messenger of Allah said,

وَالَّذِي نَفۡسِي بِيَدِهِ لَاا تَدۡخُلُوا الۡجَنَّـةَ حَتَّى تُوۡمِنُوا وَلَاا تُوۡمِنُوا حَتَّى تَحَابُّوا أَفَلَا أَدُلُّكُمۡ عَلَى أَمۡرٍ إِذَا فَعَلۡتُمُوهُ تَحَابَبۡتُمۡ أَفۡشُوا السَّلَامَ بَيۡنَكُم

By He in Whose Hand is my soul! You will not enter Paradise until you believe, and you will not believe until you love each other. Should I direct you to an action that would direct you to love each other! Spread the Salam among yourselves.

إِنَّ اللّهَ كَانَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيۡءٍ حَسِيبًا

Certainly, Allah is Ever a Careful Account Taker of all things.

Allah said

اللّهُ لا إِلَـهَ إِلاَّ هُوَ

Allah! none has the right to be worshipped but He.

informing that He is singled out as the sole God of all creation.

Allah then said,

لَيَجۡمَعَنَّكُمۡ إِلَى يَوۡمِ الۡقِيَامَةِ لَا رَيۡبَ فِيهِ

Surely, He will gather you together on the Day of Resurrection about which there is no doubt.

swearing that He will gather the earlier and latter generations in one area, rewarding or punishing each person according to his or her actions.

Allah said,

وَمَنۡ أَصۡدَقُ مِنَ اللّهِ حَدِيثًا

And who is truer in statement than Allah.

meaning, no one utters more truthful statements than Allah, in His promise, warning, stories of the past and information of what is to come; there is no deity worthy of worship nor Lord except Him."

An-Nisa': 85

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