An-Nisa': 166

Ayah

Word by Word

لَّـٰكِنِ

But

ٱللَّهُ

Allah

يَشۡهَدُ

bears witness

بِمَآ

to what

أَنزَلَ

He (has) revealed

إِلَيۡكَۖ

to you

أَنزَلَهُۥ

He has sent it down

بِعِلۡمِهِۦۖ

with His Knowledge

وَٱلۡمَلَٰٓئِكَةُ

and the Angels

يَشۡهَدُونَۚ

bear witness

وَكَفَىٰ

And is sufficient

بِٱللَّهِ

Allah

شَهِيدًا

(as) a Witness

Translation

But Allah beareth witness that what He hath sent unto thee He hath sent from His (own) knowledge, and the angels bear witness: But enough is Allah for a witness.

Tafsir

"Revelation Came to Prophet Muhammad , Just as it Came to the Prophets Before Him

Muhammad bin Ishaq narrated that Muhammad bin Abi Muhammad said that Ikrimah, or Sa`id bin Jubayr, related to Ibn Abbas that he said,

“Sukayn and Adi bin Zayd said, `O Muhammad! We do not know that Allah sent down anything to any human after Musa.'

Allah sent down a rebuttal of their statement,

إِنَّا أَوۡحَيۡنَا إِلَيۡكَ كَمَا أَوۡحَيۡنَا إِلَى نُوحٍ وَالنَّبِيِّينَ مِن بَعۡدِهِ

(Verily, We have inspired you (O Muhammad) as We inspired Nuh and the Prophets after him).”

Allah states that He sent down revelation to His servant and Messenger Muhammad just as He sent down revelation to previous Prophets.

Allah said,

إِنَّا أَوۡحَيۡنَا إِلَيۡكَ كَمَا أَوۡحَيۡنَا إِلَى نُوحٍ وَالنَّبِيِّينَ مِن بَعۡدِهِ وَأَوۡحَيۡنَا إِلَى إِبۡرَاهِيمَ وَإِسۡمَاعِيلَ وَإۡسۡحَقَ وَيَعۡقُوبَ وَالَاسۡبَاطِ وَعِيسَى وَأَيُّوبَ وَيُونُسَ وَهَارُونَ وَسُلَيۡمَانَ

Verily, We have sent the revelation to you as We sent the revelation to Nuh and the Prophets after him; We (also) sent the revelation to Ibrahim, Ismail, Ishaq, Yaqub, and Al-Asbat, (the offspring of the twelve sons of Yaqub) `Isa, Ayub, Yunus, Harun, and Suleiman;

وَاتَيۡنَا دَاوُودَ زَبُورًا

and to Dawud We gave the Zabur.

The Zabur (Psalms) is the name of the Book revealed to Prophet Dawud, peace be upon him.

Twenty-Five Prophets Are Mentioned in the Qur'an

Allah said""

""وَرُسُلً قَدۡ قَصَصۡنَاهُمۡ عَلَيۡكَ مِن قَبۡلُ

And Messengers We have mentioned to you before, and Messengers We have not mentioned to you.

Before the revelation of this Ayah.

The following are the names of the Prophets whom Allah named in the Qur'an. They are:

Adam,

Idris,

Nuh (Noah),

Hud,

Salih,

Ibrahim (Abraham),

Lut,

Ismail (Ishmael),

Ishaq (Isaac),

Yaqub (Jacob),

Yusuf (Joseph),

Ayub (Job),

Shu`ayb,

Musa (Moses),

Harun (Aaron),

Yunus (Jonah),

Dawud (David),

Suleiman (Solomon),

Ilyas (Elias),

Al-Yasa (Elisha),

Zakariyya (Zachariya),

Yahya (John) and

Isa (Jesus), and their leader,

Muhammad.

Several scholars of Tafsir also listed Dhul-Kifl among the Prophets.

Allah's statement,

وَرُسُلً لَّمۡ نَقۡصُصۡهُمۡ عَلَيۡكَ

and Messengers We have not mentioned to you,

means, `there are other Prophets whom We did not mention to you in the Qur'an.'

The Virtue of Musa

Allah said,

وَكَلَّمَ اللّهُ مُوسَى تَكۡلِيمًا

and to Musa Allah spoke directly.

This is an honor to Musa, and this is why he is called the Kalim, he whom Allah spoke to directly.

Al-Hafiz Abu Bakr bin Marduwyah recorded that Abdul-Jabbar bin Abdullah said,

“A man came to Abu Bakr bin Ayyash and said, `I heard a man recite (this Ayah this way):

وَكَلَّمَ اللّهَ مُوسَى تَكۡلِيمًا

“and to Allah, Musa spoke directly.”

Abu Bakr said, `Only a disbeliever would recite it like this.'

Al-A`mash recited it with Yahya bin Withab, who recited it with Abu Abdur-Rahman As-Sulami who recited it with Ali bin Abi Talib who recited with the Messenger of Allah,

وَكَلَّمَ اللّهُ مُوسَى تَكۡلِيمًا

(and to Musa Allah spoke directly).”'

Abu Bakr bin Abi Ayyash was so angry with the man who recited the Ayah differently, because he altered its words and meanings. That person was from the group of Mutazilah who denied that Allah spoke to Musa or that He speaks to any of His creation.

We were told that some of the Mutazilah once recited the Ayah that way, so one teacher present said to him,

“O son of a stinking woman! What would you do concerning Allah's statement,

وَلَمَّا جَأءَ مُوسَى لِمِيقَـتِنَا وَكَلَّمَهُ رَبُّهُ

And when Musa came at the time and place appointed by Us, and his Lord spoke to him. (7:143)”

The Sheikh meant that the later Ayah cannot be altered or changed.

The Reason Behind Sending the Prophets is to Establish the Proof

Allah said""

""رُّسُلً مُّبَشِّرِينَ وَمُنذِرِينَ

Messengers as bearers of good news as well as of warning,

meaning, the Prophets bring good news to those who obey Allah and practice the good things that please Him. They also warn against His punishment and torment for those who defy His commandments.

Allah said next,

لِيَلَّ يَكُونَ لِلنَّاسِ عَلَى اللّهِ حُجَّةٌ بَعۡدَ الرُّسُلِ وَكَانَ اللّهُ عَزِيزًا حَكِيمًا

in order that mankind should have no plea against Allah after the Messengers. And Allah is Ever All-Powerful, All-Wise.

Allah sent down His Books and sent His Messengers with good news and warnings. He explained what He likes and is pleased with and what He dislikes and is displeased with. This way, no one will have an excuse with Allah.

Allah said in other Ayat,

وَلَوۡ أَنَّأ أَهۡلَكۡنَـهُمۡ بِعَذَابٍ مِّن قَبۡلِهِ لَقَالُواۡ رَبَّنَا لَوۡلا أَرۡسَلۡتَ إِلَيۡنَا رَسُولاً فَنَتَّبِعَ ءَايَـتِكَ مِن قَبۡلِ أَن نَّذِلَّ وَنَخۡزَى

And if We had destroyed them with a torment before this, they would surely have said:”Our Lord! If only You had sent us a Messenger, we should certainly have followed Your Ayat, before we were humiliated and disgraced.” (20:134)

and,

وَلَوۡلا أَن تُصِيبَهُم مُّصِيبَةٌ بِمَا قَدَّمَتۡ أَيۡدِيهِمۡ

And if (We had) not (sent you to the people of Makkah) in case a calamity should seize them for (the deeds) that their hands have sent forth. (28:47)

It is recorded in the Two Sahihs that Ibn Mas`ud said that the Messenger of Allah said,

لَاا أَحَدَ أَغۡيَرُ مِنَ اللهِ مِنۡ أَجۡلِ ذلِكَ حَرَّمَ الۡفَوَاحِشَ مَا ظَهَرَ مِنۡهَا وَمَا بَطَنَ

وَلَا أَحَدۡ أَحَبۡ إِلَيۡهِ الۡمَدۡحُ مِنَ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ مِنۡ أَجۡلِ ذلِكَ مَدَحَ نَفۡسَهُ

وَلَا أَحَدَ أَحَبۡ إِلَيۡهِ الۡعُذۡرُ مِنَ اللهِ مِنۡ أَجۡلِ ذلِكَ بَعَثَ النَّبِيِّينَ مُبَشِّرِينَ وَمُنۡذِرِين

No one is more jealous than Allah. This is why He prohibited all types of sin committed in public or secret.

No one likes praise more than Allah, and this is why He has praised Himself.

No one likes to give excuse more than Allah, and this is why He sent the Prophets as bearers of good news and as warners.

In another narration, the Prophet said,

مِنۡ أَجۡلِ ذلِكَ أَرۡسَلَ رُسُلَهُ وَأَنۡزَلَ كُتُبَه

And this is why He sent His Messengers and revealed His Books""

""Allah's statement

إِنَّا أَوۡحَيۡنَا إِلَيۡكَ

(Verily, We have inspired you...) (4:163) emphasized the Prophet's Prophethood and refuted the idolators and People of the Scripture who denied him.

Allah said,

لَّـكِنِ اللّهُ يَشۡهَدُ بِمَا أَنزَلَ إِلَيۡكَ

But Allah bears witness to that which He has sent down unto you,

meaning, even if they deny, defy and disbelieve in you, O Muhammad, Allah testifies that you are His Messenger to whom He sent down His Book, the Glorious Qur'an that,

لَاا يَأۡتِيهِ الۡبَاطِلُ مِن بَيۡنِ يَدَيۡهِ وَلَاا مِنۡ خَلۡفِهِ

تَنزِيلٌ مِّنۡ حَكِيمٍ حَمِيدٍ

(Falsehood cannot come to it from before it or behind it, (it is) sent down by the All-Wise, Worthy of all praise). (41:42)

Allah then said,

أَنزَلَهُ بِعِلۡمِهِ

He has sent it down with His knowledge,

The knowledge of His that He willed His servants to have access to.

Knowledge about the clear signs of guidance and truth, what Allah likes and is pleased with, what He dislikes and is displeased with, and

knowledge of the Unseen, such as the past and the future.

This also includes knowledge about His honorable attributes that no sent Messenger or illustrious angel can even know without Allah's leave.

Similarly, Allah said,

وَلَا يُحِيطُونَ بِشَيۡءٍ مِّنۡ عِلۡمِهِ إِلاَّ بِمَا شَاء

And they will never compass anything of His knowledge except that which He wills. (2:255)

and,

وَلَا يُحِيطُونَ بِهِ عِلۡمًا

but they will never compass anything of His knowledge. (20:110)

Allah's statement,

وَالۡمَليِكَةُ يَشۡهَدُونَ

and the angels bear witness.

to the truth of what you came with and what was revealed and sent down to you, along with Allah's testimony to the same.

وَكَفَى بِاللّهِ شَهِيدًا

And Allah is All-Sufficient as a Witness.

Allah said,

إِنَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواۡ وَصَدُّواۡ عَن سَبِيلِ اللّهِ قَدۡ ضَلُّواۡ ضَلَلاً بَعِيدًا""

""Verily, those who disbelieve and prevent (others) from the path of Allah, they have certainly strayed far away.

For they are disbelievers themselves and do not follow the truth. They strive hard to prevent people from following and embracing Allah's path. Therefore, they have defied the truth, deviated, and strayed far away from it""

""إِنَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواۡ وَظَلَمُواۡ لَمۡ يَكُنِ اللّهُ لِيَغۡفِرَ لَهُمۡ

Verily, those who disbelieve and did wrong; Allah will not forgive them,

Allah mentions His judgment against those who disbelieve in His Ayat, Book and Messenger, those who wrong themselves by their disbelief and hindering others from His path, committing sins and violating His prohibitions. Allah states that He will not forgive them;

وَلَا لِيَهۡدِيَهُمۡ طَرِيقاً

nor will He guide them to a way (that is, of good)""

""إِلاَّ طَرِيقَ جَهَنَّمَ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا أَبَدًا

Except the way of Hell, to dwell therein forever...,

and this is the exception.

وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ عَلَى اللّهِ يَسِيرًا

and this is ever easy for Allah.

Allah then said,

يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ قَدۡ جَاءكُمُ الرَّسُولُ بِالۡحَقِّ مِن رَّبِّكُمۡ فَأمِنُواۡ خَيۡرًا لَّكُمۡ

O mankind! Verily, there has come to you the Messenger with the truth from your Lord, so believe in him, it is better for you.

This Ayah means, Muhammad has come to you with guidance, the religion of truth and clear proof from Allah. Therefore, believe in what he has brought you and follow him, for this is better for you.

Allah then said,

وَإِن تَكۡفُرُواۡ فَإِنَّ لِلَّهِ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالَارۡضِ

But if you disbelieve, then certainly to Allah belongs all that is in the heavens and the earth.

Allah is far too rich than to need you or your faith, and no harm could ever affect Him because of your disbelief.

Allah said in another Ayah,

وَقَالَ مُوسَى إِن تَكۡفُرُواۡ أَنتُمۡ وَمَن فِى الاٌّرۡضِ جَمِيعًا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَغَنِىٌّ حَمِيدٌ

And Musa said:”If you disbelieve, you and all on earth together, then verily, Allah is Rich (Free of all needs), Owner of all praise.” (14:8)

Allah said here,

وَكَانَ اللّهُ عَلِيمًا

And Allah is Ever All-Knowing,

He knows those who deserve to be guided, and He will guide them. He also knows those who deserve deviation, and He leads them to it.

حَكِيمًا

All-Wise.

in His statements, actions, legislation and all that He decrees."

An-Nisa': 166

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