An-Nisa': 117

Ayah

Word by Word

إِن

Not

يَدۡعُونَ

they invoke

مِن

from

دُونِهِۦٓ

besides Him

إِلَّآ

but

إِنَٰثٗا

female (deities)

وَإِن

and not

يَدۡعُونَ

they invoke

إِلَّا

except

شَيۡطَٰنٗا

Shaitaan

مَّرِيدٗا

rebellious

Translation

(The Pagans), leaving Him, call but upon female deities: They call but upon satan the persistent rebel!

Tafsir

"Shirk Shall not be Forgiven, in Reality the Idolators Worship Shaytan

We talked about Allah's statement,

إِنَّ اللّهَ لَا يَغۡفِرُ أَن يُشۡرَكَ بِهِ وَيَغۡفِرُ مَا دُونَ ذَلِكَ لِمَن يَشَاء

Verily, Allah forgives not (the sin of) setting up partners (in worship) with Him, but He forgives whom He wills, sins other than that,

before (Ayah 48) and mentioned the relevant Hadiths in the beginning of this Surah.

Allah's statement,

وَمَن يُشۡرِكۡ بِاللّهِ فَقَدۡ ضَلَّ ضَلَلاً بَعِيدًا

and whoever sets up partners in worship with Allah, has indeed strayed far away.

means, he will have taken other than the true path, deviated from guidance and righteousness, destroyed himself in this life and the Hereafter, and lost contentment in this life and the Hereafter.

إِن يَدۡعُونَ مِن دُونِهِ إِلاَّ إِنَاثًا

They invoke nothing but female deities besides Him (Allah),

Juwaybir said that Ad-Dahhak said about Allah's statement,

""The idolators claimed that the angels are Allah's daughters, saying, `We only worship them so that they bring us closer to Allah.'

So they took the angels as gods, made the shapes of girls and decided, `These (idols) resemble the daughters of Allah (i.e., the angels), Whom we worship.""'

This is similar to Allah's statements,

أَفَرَءَيۡتُمُ اللَّـتَ وَالۡعُزَّى

Have you then considered Al-Latand Al-`Uzza! (53:19)

وَجَعَلُواۡ الۡمَلَـيِكَةَ الَّذِينَ هُمۡ عِبَادُ الرَّحۡمَـنِ إِنَـثاً

And they make the angels who themselves are servants of the Most Gracious (Allah) females. (43:19)

and,

وَجَعَلُواۡ بَيۡنَهُ وَبَيۡنَ الۡجِنَّةِ نَسَباً

And they have invented a kinship between Him and the Jinn. (37:158)

Allah's statement,

وَإِن يَدۡعُونَ إِلاَّ شَيۡطَانًا مَّرِيدًا

and they invoke nothing but Shaytan, a persistent rebel!

means, Shaytan has commanded them to do this and made it seem fair and beautiful in their eyes. Consequently, they are worshipping Shaytan in reality, just as Allah said in another Ayah,

أَلَمۡ أَعۡهَدۡ إِلَيۡكُمۡ يبَنِى ءَادَمَ أَن لاَّ تَعۡبُدُواۡ الشَّيطَـنَ

Did I not command you, O Children of Adam, that you should not worship Shaytan. (36:60)

Allah said that, on the Day of Resurrection, the angels shall proclaim about the idolators who worshipped them in this life:

بَلۡ كَانُواۡ يَعۡبُدُونَ الۡجِنَّ أَكۡـثَرُهُم بِهِم مُّوۡمِنُونَ

Nay, but they used to worship the Jinn; most of them were believers in them. (34:41)

Allah's statement

لَّعَنَهُ اللّهُ

Allah cursed him,

means, He expelled him and banished him from His mercy and His grace.

وَقَالَ لَاَتَّخِذَنَّ مِنۡ عِبَادِكَ نَصِيبًا مَّفۡرُوضًا

And he (Shaytan) said:""I will take an appointed portion of your servants""

means, a fixed and known share.

Muqatil bin Hayyan commented,

""From every one thousand, nine hundred and ninety-nine will go to the Fire and one to Paradise.”

وَلاُضِلَّنَّهُمۡ

Verily, I will mislead them,

from the true path,

وَلاُمَنِّيَنَّهُمۡ

and surely, I will arouse in them false desires;

tempting them to feign repentance, arousing false hopes in them, encouraging them to delay and procrastinate with righteous deeds, deceiving them.

وَلامُرَنَّهُمۡ فَلَيُبَتِّكُنَّ اذَانَ الَانۡعَامِ

and certainly, I will order them to slit the ears of cattle,

Qatadah and As-Suddi stated,

meaning, slitting their ears to designate them as Bahirah, Sa'ibah, and a Wasilah.

وَلامُرَنَّهُمۡ فَلَيُغَيِّرُنَّ خَلۡقَ اللّهِ

And indeed I will order them to change the nature created by Allah.

According to Al-Hasan bin Abi Al-Hasan Al-Basri,

means tattooing.

In his Sahih, Muslim recorded the prohibition of tattooing the face, which in one of its wordings states:

""May Allah curse whoever does this.""

It is also recorded in the Sahih that Ibn Mas`ud said,

""May Allah curse those who have tattoos and those who do it, who pluck their (facial) hairs and the one who does it for them, and those who make spaces between their teeth for the purpose of beauty, changing what Allah has created.""

He then said,

""Why should not I curse whom the Messenger of Allah has cursed, when the Book of Allah commands it,"" referring to the Ayah,

وَمَأ ءَاتَـكُمُ الرَّسُولُ فَخُذُوهُ وَمَا نَهَـكُمۡ عَنۡهُ فَانتَهُواۡ

And whatsoever the Messenger gives you, take it; and whatsoever he forbids you, abstain (from it). (59:7)

Allah's statement,

وَمَن يَتَّخِذِ الشَّيۡطَانَ وَلِيًّا مِّن دُونِ اللّهِ فَقَدۡ خَسِرَ خُسۡرَانًا مُّبِينًا

And whoever takes Shaytan as a Wali (protector or helper) instead of Allah, has surely suffered a manifest loss.

means, he will have lost this life and the Hereafter.

Indeed, this is a type of loss that cannot be compensated or restored.

Allah's statement,

يَعِدُهُمۡ وَيُمَنِّيهِمۡ وَمَا يَعِدُهُمُ الشَّيۡطَانُ إِلاَّ غُرُورًا

He (Shaytan) makes promises to them, and arouses in them false desires;

explains the true reality. Surely, Shaytan deceitfully promises his supporters and tempts them into believing that they are winners in this and the Hereafter.

This is why Allah said,

وَمَا يَعِدُهُمُ الشَّيۡطَانُ إِلاَّ غُرُورًا

(and Shaytan's promises are nothing but deceptions).

Allah states that on the Day of Return,

وَقَالَ الشَّيۡطَانُ لَمَّا قُضِيَ الَامۡرُ إِنَّ اللّهَ وَعَدَكُمۡ وَعۡدَ الۡحَقِّ وَوَعَدتُّكُمۡ فَأَخۡلَفۡتُكُمۡ وَمَا كَانَ لِيَ عَلَيۡكُم مِّن سُلۡطَانٍ

And Shaytan will say when the matter has been decided:""Verily, Allah promised you a promise of truth. And I too promised you, but I betrayed you. I had no authority over you, until,

إِنَّ الظَّالِمِينَ لَهُمۡ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ

(Verily, there is a painful torment for the wrongdoers). (14:22)

Allah's statement

أُوۡلَـيِكَ

of such (people),

refers to those who like and prefer what Shaytan is promising and assuring them of.

مَأۡوَاهُمۡ جَهَنَّمُ

The dwelling of such (people) is Hell,

as their destination and abode on the Day of Resurrection,

وَلَا يَجِدُونَ عَنۡهَا مَحِيصًا

and they will find no way of escape from it.

meaning, they will not be able to avoid, avert, evade or elude the Hellfire.

The Reward of Righteous Believers

Allah then mentions the condition of the content righteous believers and the perfect honor they will earn in the end.

Allah said

وَالَّذِينَ امَنُواۡ وَعَمِلُواۡ الصَّالِحَاتِ

And those who believe and do righteous good deeds,

meaning, their hearts were truthful and their limbs obedient with the righteous acts they were commanded, all the while abandoning the evil they were prohibited from doing.

سَنُدۡخِلُهُمۡ جَنَّاتٍ تَجۡرِي مِن تَحۡتِهَا الَانۡهَارُ

We shall admit them to Gardens under which rivers flow (Paradise).

meaning, they will think of where they want these rivers to flow and they will flow there,

خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا أَبَدًا

to dwell therein forever,

without end or being removed from it.

وَعۡدَ اللّهِ حَقًّا

Allah's promise is the truth,

meaning, this is a true promise from Allah, and verily, Allah's promise shall come to pass.

Allah then said,

وَمَنۡ أَصۡدَقُ مِنَ اللّهِ قِيلً

and whose words can be truer than those of Allah!

meaning, none is more truthful in statement and narration than Allah.

There is no deity worthy of worship, or Lord except Him.

The Messenger of Allah used to proclaim in his speech,

إِنَّ أَصۡدَقَ الۡحَدِيثِ كَلَمُ اللهِ وَخَيۡرَ الۡهَدۡيِ هَدۡيُ مُحَمَّدٍصلى الله عليه وسلّم

وَشَرَّ الاُۡمُورِ مُحۡدَثَاتُهَا وَكُلَّ مُحۡدَثَةٍ بِدۡعَةٌ وَكُلَّ بِدۡعَةٍ ضَلَلَةٌ وَكُلَّ ضَلَلَةٍ فِي النَّار

The most truthful speech is Allah's Speech, and the best guidance is the guidance of Muhammad.

The worst matters are the newly invented (in religion), every newly invented matter is an innovation, and every innovation is a heresy, and every heresy is in the Fire."

An-Nisa': 117

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