Al-Isra: 33

Ayah

Word by Word

وَلَا

And (do) not

تَقۡتُلُواْ

kill

ٱلنَّفۡسَ

the soul

ٱلَّتِي

which

حَرَّمَ

Allah has forbidden

ٱللَّهُ

Allah has forbidden

إِلَّا

except

بِٱلۡحَقِّۗ

by right

وَمَن

And whoever

قُتِلَ

(is) killed

مَظۡلُومٗا

wrongfully

فَقَدۡ

verily

جَعَلۡنَا

We have made

لِوَلِيِّهِۦ

for his heir

سُلۡطَٰنٗا

an authority

فَلَا

but not

يُسۡرِف

he should exceed

فِّي

ٱلۡقَتۡلِۖ

the killing

إِنَّهُۥ

Indeed, he

كَانَ

مَنصُورٗا

helped

Translation

Nor take life - which Allah has made sacred - except for just cause. And if anyone is slain wrongfully, we have given his heir authority (to demand qisas or to forgive): but let him not exceed bounds in the matter of taking life; for he is helped (by the Law).

Tafsir

Prohibition of Unlawful Killing

Allah forbids killing with no legitimate reason.

وَلَا تَقۡتُلُواۡ النَّفۡسَ الَّتِي حَرَّمَ اللّهُ إِلاَّ بِالحَقِّ

And do not kill anyone whose killing Allah has forbidden, except for a just cause.

It was reported in the Two Sahihs that the Messenger of Allah said:

لَاا يَحِلُّ دَمُ امۡرِىءٍ مُسۡلِمٍ يَشۡهَدُ أَنۡ لَاا إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللهِ إِلاَّ بِإِحۡدَى ثَلَاثٍ

النَّفۡسُ بِالنَّفۡسِ

وَالزَّانِي الۡمُحۡصَنُ

وَالتَّارِكُ لِدِينِهِ الۡمُفَارِقُ لِلۡجَمَاعَة

The blood of a Muslim who bears witness to La ilaha illallah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, is not permissible (to be shed) except in three cases:

a soul for a soul (i.e., in the case of murder),

an adulterer who is married, and

a person who leaves his religion and deserts the Jama'ah.

The following is recorded in the books of the Sunan:

لَزَوَالُ الدُّنۡيَا عِنۡدَ اللهِ أَهۡوَنُ مِنۡ قَتۡلِ مُسۡلِم

If the world were to be destroyed, it would be of less importance to Allah than the killing of a Muslim.

وَمَن قُتِلَ مَظۡلُومًا فَقَدۡ جَعَلۡنَا لِوَلِيِّهِ سُلۡطَانًا

And whoever is killed wrongfully, We have given his heir the authority.

The authority is over the killer. The heir has the choice;

if he wishes, he may have him killed in retaliation,

or he may forgive him in return for the payment of the Diyah (blood money),

or he may forgive him with no payment, as is reported in the Sunnah.

The great scholar and Imam Ibn Abbas understood from the general meaning of this Ayah that Mu`awiyah should take power, because he was the heir of `Uthman, who had been killed wrongfully, may Allah be pleased with him, and Mu`awiyah did eventually take power, as Ibn Abbas said on the basis of this Ayah. This is one of the stranger of matters.

فَلَ يُسۡرِف فِّي الۡقَتۡلِ

But let him not exceed limits in the matter of taking life.

They said:this means the heir should not go to extremes in killing the killer, such as mutilating the body or taking revenge on persons other than the killer.

إِنَّهُ كَانَ مَنۡصُورًا

Verily, he is helped.

means, the heir is helped against the killer by the Shariah and by divine decree.

Al-Isra: 33

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