Ibrahim: 51

Ayah

Word by Word

لِيَجۡزِيَ

So that Allah may recompense

ٱللَّهُ

So that Allah may recompense

كُلَّ

each

نَفۡسٖ

soul

مَّا

(for) what

كَسَبَتۡۚ

it earned

إِنَّ

Indeed

ٱللَّهَ

Allah

سَرِيعُ

(is) Swift

ٱلۡحِسَابِ

(in) the reckoning

Translation

That Allah may requite each soul according to its deserts; and verily Allah is swift in calling to account.

Tafsir

The Condition of the criminals on the Day of Resurrection

Allah said,

وَتَرَى الۡمُجۡرِمِينَ يَوۡمَيِذٍ مُّقَرَّنِينَ فِي الَاصۡفَادِ

And you will see the criminals that Day, Muqarranun (bound together) in fetters.

Allah said,

يَوۡمَ تُبَدَّلُ الَارۡضُ غَيۡرَ الَارۡضِ وَالسَّمَاوَاتُ

(On the Day when the earth will be changed to another earth and so will be the heavens) `and the creations will be brought before their Lord, and you, O Muhammad, will witness the criminals who committed the crimes of Kufr and mischief,'

مُّقَرَّنِينَ

(Muqarranin),

bound together, each with his or her like, just as Allah said,

احۡشُرُواۡ الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُواۡ وَأَزۡوَجَهُمۡ

Assemble those who did wrong, together with their companions. (37:22)

وَإِذَا النُّفُوسُ زُوِّجَتۡ

And when the souls are joined with their bodies. (81:7)

وَإَذَا أُلۡقُواۡ مِنۡهَا مَكَاناً ضَيِّقاً مُّقَرَّنِينَ دَعَوۡاۡ هُنَالِكَ ثُبُوراً

And when they shall be thrown into a narrow place thereof, chained together, they will exclaim therein for destruction. (25:13)

and,

وَالشَّيَـطِينَ كُلَّ بَنَّأءٍ وَغَوَّاصٍ

وَءَاخَرِينَ مُقَرَّنِينَ فِى الاٌّصۡفَادِ

And also the Shayatin from the Jinn (including) every kind of builder and diver, and also others bound in fetters. (38:37-38)

Allah said next

سَرَابِيلُهُم مِّن قَطِرَانٍ

Their garments will be of Qatiran (pitch),

that is used to coat camels.

Qatadah commented that;

Qatiran (tar) is one of the fastest objects to catch fire.

Ibn Abbas used to say that;

the Qatiran, mentioned in the Ayah, is dissolved lead.

It is possible that;

this Ayah reads as:

سَرَابِيلُهُمۡ مِنۡ

قَطِرَانٍ

referring to heated lead that has reached tremendous heat, according to Mujahid, Ikrimah, Sa'id bin Jubayr Al-Hasan and Qatadah.

Allah said next,

وَتَغۡشَى وُجُوهَهُمۡ النَّارُ

and fire will cover their faces,

which is similar to His other statement,

تَلۡفَحُ وُجُوهَهُمُ النَّارُ وَهُمۡ فِيهَا كَـلِحُونَ

The Fire will burn their faces, and therein they will grin, with displaced lips. (23:104)

Imam Ahmad recorded that Yahya bin Abi Ishaq said that Aban bin Yazid said that Yahya bin Abi Kathir said that Zayd bin Abi Salam said that Abu Malik Al-Ash`ari said that the Messenger of Allah said,

أَرۡبَعٌ فِي أُمَّتِي مِنۡ أَمۡرِ الۡجَاهِلِيَّةِ لَا يَتۡرُكُونَهُنَّ

الۡفَخۡرُ بِالاَۡحۡسَابِ

وَالطَّعۡنُ فِي الاۡاَنۡسَابِ

وَالاۡاسۡتِسۡقَاءُ بِالنُّجُومِ

وَالنِّيَاحَةُ عَلَى الۡمَيِّتِ

وَالنَّايِحَةُ إِذَا لَمۡ تَتُبۡ قَبۡلَ مَوۡتِهَا تُقَامُ يَوۡمَ الۡقِيَامَةِ وَعَلَيۡهَا سِرۡبَالٌ مِنۡ قَطِرَانٍ وَدِرۡعٌ مِنۡ جَرَب

Four characteristics from the time of Jahiliyyah will remain in my Ummah, since they will not abandon them:

boasting about their family lineage,

discrediting family ties,

seeking rain through the stars, and

wailing for their dead.

Verily, if she who wails, dies before she repents from her behavior, she will be resurrected on the Day of Resurrection while wearing a dress of Qatiran and a cloak of mange.

Muslim collected this Hadith.

Allah said next

لِيَجۡزِي اللّهُ كُلَّ نَفۡسٍ مَّا كَسَبَتۡ

That Allah may requite each person according to what he has earned.

meaning, on the Day of Resurrection.

Allah said in another Ayah,

لِيَجۡزِىَ الَّذِينَ أَسَاءُواۡ بِمَا عَمِلُواۡ

That He may requite those who do evil with that which they have done. (53:31)

Allah said here,

إِنَّ اللّهَ سَرِيعُ الۡحِسَابِ

Truly, Allah is swift at reckoning.

when He wills to reckon a servants of His, for He knows everything and nothing ever escapes His observation. Verily, His power over all of His creation is the same as His power over one creature,

مَّا خَلۡقُكُمۡ وَلَا بَعۡثُكُمۡ إِلاَّ كَنَفۡسٍ وَحِدَةٍ

The creation of you all and the resurrection of you all are only as a single person. (31:28)

And this is why Mujahid said,

سَرِيعُ الۡحِسَابِ

(swift at reckoning),

means ""keeping count.

Allah states;

هَـذَا بَلَغٌ لِّلنَّاسِ

This (Qur'an) is a Message for mankind (and a clear proof against them),

لااٌّنذِرَكُمۡ بِهِ وَمَن بَلَغَ

(So) that I may therewith warn you and whomsoever it may reach. (6:19)

This Qur'an is for all mankind and the Jinns, just as Allah said in the beginning of this Surah,

الَركِتَابٌ أَنزَلۡنَاهُ إِلَيۡكَ

لِتُخۡرِجَ النَّاسَ مِنَ الظُّلُمَاتِ إِلَى النُّورِ

Alif-Lam-Ra. (This is) a Book which We have revealed unto you in order that you might lead mankind out of darkness into light. (14:1)

Allah said next,

وَلِيُنذَرُواۡ بِهِ

in order that they may be warned thereby,

or to receive and draw lessons from it,

وَلِيَعۡلَمُواۡ أَنَّمَا هُوَ إِلَـهٌ وَاحِدٌ

and that they may know that He is the only One God,

using its proofs and evidences that testify that there is no true deity except Allah,

وَلِيَذَّكَّرَ أُوۡلُواۡ الَالۡبَابِ

and that men of understanding may take heed.

meaning those who have good minds.

This is the end of the Tafsir of Surah Ibrahim, and all praise is due to Allah."

Ibrahim: 51

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