Ar-Ra'd: 37

Ayah

Word by Word

وَكَذَٰلِكَ

And thus

أَنزَلۡنَٰهُ

We have revealed it

حُكۡمًا

(to be) a judgment of authority

عَرَبِيّٗاۚ

(in) Arabic

وَلَئِنِ

And if

ٱتَّبَعۡتَ

you follow

أَهۡوَآءَهُم

their desires

بَعۡدَمَا

after what

جَآءَكَ

came to you

مِنَ

ٱلۡعِلۡمِ

the knowledge

مَا

not

لَكَ

for you

مِنَ

against

ٱللَّهِ

Allah

مِن

any

وَلِيّٖ

protector

وَلَا

and not

وَاقٖ

defender

Translation

Thus have We revealed it to be a judgment of authority in Arabic. Wert thou to follow their (vain) desires after the knowledge which hath reached thee, then wouldst thou find neither protector nor defender against Allah.

Tafsir

"The Truthful Ones from among the People of the Scriptures rejoice at what Allah has revealed to Muhammad

Allah said,

وَالَّذِينَ اتَيۡنَاهُمُ الۡكِتَابَ

Those to whom We have given the Book,

and they adhere by it,

يَفۡرَحُونَ بِمَا أُنزِلَ إِلَيۡكَ

rejoice at what has been revealed unto you,

i.e. the Qur'an, because they have evidence in their Books affirming the truth of the Qur'an and conveying the good news of its imminent revelation, just as Allah said in another Ayah,

الَّذِينَ اتَيۡنَـهُمُ الۡكِتَـبَ يَتۡلُونَهُ حَقَّ تِلَوَتِهِ

Those to whom We gave the Book recite it as it should be recited. (2:121)

Allah said,

قُلۡ امِنُواۡ بِهِ أَوۡ لَا تُوۡمِنُواۡ إِنَّ الَّذِينَ أُوتُواۡ الۡعِلۡمَ مِن قَبۡلِهِ إِذَا يُتۡلَى عَلَيۡهِمۡ يَخِرُّونَ لِلَذۡقَانِ سُجَّدًا

وَيَقُولُونَ سُبۡحَانَ رَبِّنَا إِن كَانَ وَعۡدُ رَبِّنَا لَمَفۡعُولاً

Say:""Believe in it or do not believe (in it). Verily, those who were given knowledge before it, when it is recited to them, fall down on their chins (faces) in humble prostration.""

And they say:""Glory be to our Lord! Truly, the promise of our Lord must be fulfilled."" (17:107-108)

meaning, Allah's promise to us in our Books to send Muhammad is true. It is certain and will surely come to pass and be fulfilled, so all praise to our Lord, how truthful is His promise, all the thanks are due to Him,

وَيَخِرُّونَ لِلٌّذۡقَانِ يَبۡكُونَ وَيَزِيدُهُمۡ خُشُوعًا

And they fall down on their faces weeping and it increases their humility. (17:109)

Allah said next,

وَمِنَ الَاحۡزَابِ مَن يُنكِرُ بَعۡضَهُ

but there are among the Ahzab (Confederates) those who reject a part thereof.

meaning, `There are those among the sects who disbelieve in some of what was revealed to you (O Muhammad).'

Mujahid said that,

وَمِنَ الَاحۡزَابِ

(but there are among the Ahzab (Confederates),

refers to Jews and Christians,

مَن يُنكِرُ بَعۡضَهُ

(those who reject a part thereof),

meaning, `They reject a part of the truth that came down to you - O Muhammad.'

Similar was reported from Qatadah and Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam.

Allah said in similar Ayat,

وَإِنَّ مِنۡ أَهۡلِ الۡكِتَـبِ لَمَن يُوۡمِنُ بِاللَّهِ

And there are, certainly, among the People of the Scripture, those who believe in Allah. (3:199)

Allah said next,

قُلۡ إِنَّمَا أُمِرۡتُ أَنۡ أَعۡبُدَ اللّهَ وَلا أُشۡرِكَ بِهِ

Say:""I am commanded only to worship Allah and not to join partners with Him...""

meaning, `I (Muhammad) was sent with the religion of worshipping Allah alone without partners, just as the Messengers before me,

إِلَيۡهِ أَدۡعُو

To Him (alone) I call,

I call the people to His path,

وَإِلَيۡهِ مَأبِ

and to Him is my return.

final destination and destiny.'

Allah said

وَكَذَلِكَ أَنزَلۡنَاهُ حُكۡمًا عَرَبِيًّا

And thus have We sent it (the Qur'an) down to be a judgement of authority in Arabic.

Allah says, `Just as We sent Messengers before you and revealed to them Divine Books from heaven, We sent down to you the Qur'an, a judgement of authority in Arabic, as an honor for you, and We preferred you among all people with this clear, plain and unequivocal Book that,

لااَّ يَأۡتِيهِ الۡبَـطِلُ مِن بَيۡنِ يَدَيۡهِ وَلَا مِنۡ خَلۡفِهِ تَنزِيلٌ مِّنۡ حَكِيمٍ حَمِيدٍ

Falsehood cannot come to it from before it or behind it:(it is) sent down by the All-Wise, Worthy of all praise.' (41:42)

Allah's statement,

وَلَيِنِ اتَّبَعۡتَ أَهۡوَاءهُم

Were you to follow their (vain) desires,

means, their opinions,

بَعۡدَ مَا جَاءكَ مِنَ الۡعِلۡمِ

after the knowledge which has come to you,

from Allah, all praise to Him,

مَا لَكَ مِنَ اللّهِ مِن وَلِيٍّ وَلَا وَاقٍ

then you will not have any Wali (protector) or defender against Allah.

This part of the Ayah warns people of knowledge against following the paths of misguidance after they had gained knowledge in (and abided by) the Prophetic Sunnah and the path of Muhammad, may Allah's best peace and blessings be on him."

Ar-Ra'd: 37

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