Ar-Ra'd: 33

Ayah

Word by Word

أَفَمَنۡ

Is then He Who

هُوَ

(He)

قَآئِمٌ

(is) a Maintainer

عَلَىٰ

كُلِّ

every

نَفۡسِ

soul

بِمَا

for what

كَسَبَتۡۗ

it has earned

وَجَعَلُواْ

Yet they ascribe

لِلَّهِ

to Allah

شُرَكَآءَ

partners

قُلۡ

Say

سَمُّوهُمۡۚ

Name them

أَمۡ

تُنَبِّـُٔونَهُۥ

(do) you inform Him

بِمَا

of what

لَا

not

يَعۡلَمُ

He knows

فِي

ٱلۡأَرۡضِ

the earth

أَم

بِظَٰهِرٖ

of the apparent

مِّنَ

ٱلۡقَوۡلِۗ

the words

بَلۡ

Nay

زُيِّنَ

(is) made fair-seeming

لِلَّذِينَ

to those who

كَفَرُواْ

disbelieve

مَكۡرُهُمۡ

their plotting

وَصُدُّواْ

and they are hindered

عَنِ

from

ٱلسَّبِيلِۗ

the Path

وَمَن

And whoever

يُضۡلِلِ

(by) Allah

ٱللَّهُ

Allah lets go astray

فَمَا

then not

لَهُۥ

for him

مِنۡ

any

هَادٖ

guide

Translation

Is then He who standeth over every soul (and knoweth) all that it doth, (like any others)? And yet they ascribe partners to Allah. Say: "But name them! is it that ye will inform Him of something he knoweth not on earth, or is it (just) a show of words?" Nay! to those who believe not, their pretence seems pleasing, but they are kept back (thereby) from the path. And those whom Allah leaves to stray, no one can guide.

Tafsir

There is no Similarity between Allah and False Deities in any Respect

Allah said,

أَفَمَنۡ هُوَ قَأيِمٌ عَلَى كُلِّ نَفۡسٍ بِمَا كَسَبَتۡ

Is then He (Allah) Who takes charge of every person and knows all that he has earned,

Allah is the guard and watcher over every living soul and knows what everyone does, whether good or evil, and nothing ever escapes His perfect observation.

Allah said in other Ayat,

وَمَا تَكُونُ فِى شَأۡنٍ وَمَا تَتۡلُواۡ مِنۡهُ مِن قُرۡءَانٍ وَلَا تَعۡمَلُونَ مِنۡ عَمَلٍ إِلاَّ كُنَّا عَلَيۡكُمۡ شُهُودًا إِذۡ تُفِيضُونَ فِيهِ

Neither you do any deed nor recite any portion of the Qur'an, nor you do any deed, but we are witness thereof, when you are doing it. (10:61)

and Allah said,

وَمَا تَسۡقُطُ مِن وَرَقَةٍ إِلاَّ يَعۡلَمُهَا

Not a leaf falls, but He knows it. (6:59)

وَمَا مِن دَابَّةٍ فِي الاٌّرۡضِ إِلاَّ عَلَى اللَّهِ رِزۡقُهَا وَيَعۡلَمُ مُسۡتَقَرَّهَا وَمُسۡتَوۡدَعَهَا كُلٌّ فِى كِتَابٍ مُّبِينٍ

And no moving creature is there on earth but its provision is due from Allah. And He knows its dwelling place and its deposits. All is in a Clear Book. (11:6)

سَوَاءٌ مِّنۡكُمۡ مَّنۡ أَسَرَّ الۡقَوۡلَ وَمَنۡ جَهَرَ بِهِ وَمَنۡ هُوَ مُسۡتَخۡفٍ بِالَّيۡلِ وَسَارِبٌ بِالنَّهَارِ

It is the same (to Him) whether any of you conceals his speech or declares it openly, whether he be hid by night or goes forth freely by day. (13:10)

يَعۡلَمُ السِّرَّ وَأَخۡفَى

He knows the secret and that which is yet more hidden. (20:7)

and,

وَهُوَ مَعَكُمۡ أَيۡنَ مَا كُنتُمۡ وَاللَّهُ بِمَا تَعۡمَلُونَ بَصِيرٌ

And He is with you wherever you may be. And Allah is the All-Seer of what you do. (57:4)

Is He Who is like this similar to the idols, that the polytheists worship, which can neither hear nor see nor do they have a mind nor able to bring good to themselves or to their worshippers nor prevent harm from themselves or their worshippers The answer to the question in the Ayah was omitted, because it is implied, for Allah said next,

وَجَعَلُواۡ لِلّهِ شُرَكَاء

Yet, they ascribe partners to Allah.

which they worshipped besides Him, such as idols, rivals and false deities,

قُلۡ سَمُّوهُمۡ

Say:""Name them!""

make them known to us and uncover them so that they are known, for surely, they do not exist at all!

So Allah said,

أَمۡ تُنَبِّيُونَهُ بِمَا لَا يَعۡلَمُ فِي الَارۡضِ

Is it that you will inform Him of something He knows not in the earth!

for had that thing existed in or on the earth, Allah would have known about it because nothing ever escapes His knowledge,

أَم بِظَاهِرٍ مِّنَ الۡقَوۡلِ

or is it (just) a show of words,

or doubts expressed in words, according to Mujahid, while Ad-Dahhak and Qatadah said, false words.

Allah says, you (polytheists) worshipped the idols because you thought that they had power to bring benefit or harm, and this is why you called them gods,

إِنۡ هِىَ إِلاَّ أَسۡمَأءٌ سَمَّيۡتُمُوهَأ أَنتُمۡ وَءَابَأوُكُم مَّأ أَنزَلَ اللَّهُ بِهَا مِن سُلۡطَـنٍ إِن يَتَّبِعُونَ إِلاَّ الظَّنَّ وَمَا تَهۡوَى الاٌّنفُسُ وَلَقَدۡ جَأءَهُم مِّن رَّبِّهِمُ الۡهُدَى

They are but names which you have named - you and your fathers - for which Allah has sent down no authority. They follow but a guess and that which they themselves desire, whereas there has surely come to them the guidance from their Lord! (53:23)

Allah said next,

بَلۡ زُيِّنَ لِلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواۡ مَكۡرُهُمۡ

Nay! To those who disbelieved, their plotting is made fair seeming, (or their words, according to Mujahid).

This Ayah refers to the misguidance of the polytheists and their propagation night and day.

Allah said in another Ayah,

وَقَيَّضۡنَا لَهُمۡ قُرَنَأءَ فَزَيَّنُواۡ لَهُم

And We have assigned for them (devils) intimate companions, who have made fair-seeming to them. (41:25)

Allah said next,

وَصُدُّواۡ عَنِ السَّبِيلِ

and they have been hindered from the right path;

Some read with Fatha over the Sad (i.e. wa Saddu), which would

mean, `and they hindered from the right path, feeling fond of the misguidance they are in, thinking that it is correct, they called to it and thus hindered the people from following the path of the Messengers.'

Others read it with Damma over the Sad (i.e. wa Suddu), which would mean,

`and they have been hindered from the right path,' explained it this way:because they thought that their way looked fair or correct, they were hindered by it from the right path,

so Allah said,

وَمَن يُضۡلِلِ اللّهُ فَمَا لَهُ مِنۡ هَادٍ

and whom Allah sends astray, for him there is no guide.

Allah said in similar instances,

وَمَن يُرِدِ اللَّهُ فِتۡنَتَهُ فَلَن تَمۡلِكَ لَهُ مِنَ اللَّهِ شَيۡياً

And whomsoever Allah wants to suffer a trial, you can do nothing for him against Allah. (5:41)

and,

إِن تَحۡرِصۡ عَلَى هُدَاهُمۡ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَهۡدِى مَن يُضِلُّ وَمَا لَهُمۡ مِّن نَّـصِرِينَ

If you covet for their guidance, then verily, Allah guides not those whom He makes to go astray. And they will have no helpers. (16:37)"

Ar-Ra'd: 33

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